白银天然沸石对磷的吸附机理及性能研究

为探明天然沸石对磷的吸附机理,首先利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X荧光分析等对甘肃白银产天然沸石进行了表征,然后通过静态实验探讨了吸附时间、磷初始浓度、pH值等因素对沸石除磷性能的影响.研究结果表明：沸石对水溶液中磷的吸附动力学过程符合Pseudo second-order模型;Freudlich和Langmuir模型均可较好地描述沸石对磷的吸附特征;沸石对磷的吸附量随pH值增大而明显减小.     

Fenton氧化去除制药企业活性污泥中AOX的效果研究

用Fenton氧化处理合成制药企业活性污泥混合液,考察了不同Fe~(2+)、H_2O_2投加量和不同反应时间下污泥与上清液中AOX(可吸附有机卤代物)的去除效果,优化了反应条件,探讨了氧化机制.结果表明,Fenton氧化的最佳条件为H_2O_2投加量0.90 mol·L~(-1),Fe~(2+)投加量0.045 mol·L~(-1)[物质的量比为:n(Fe~(2+))∶n(H_2O_2)=1∶20],反应2 h,污泥和上清液中AOX可分别去除70.7%和78.5%.GC-MS分析结果显示,污泥中含有11种有机卤代物,Fenton氧化后有8种不再检出;3种仍有检出,但浓度有所降低,去除率约为40%~50%.与此同时,污泥中对二甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯等非有机卤代物类有毒有害有机物也得到有效去除.     

低温条件IASBR处理养猪沼液脱氮性能研究

以实际养猪沼液为研究对象,考察分步进水间歇曝气序批式生物反应器(IASBR)在低温条件下的脱氮性能.结果表明:IASBR反应器的硝化性能临界水温为10℃,水温低于10℃时硝化性能急剧下降,水温10℃以上时氨氮去除率达到90%以上,且水温15℃以上氨氮负荷极限可达到0.30 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1);低碳氮比(COD/TN)1.7±0.3条件下,反硝化性能临界水温为20℃,20℃以上时TN去除率可保持在80%以上,最高达90%,20℃以下时脱氮效率明显降低,出现亚硝态氮积累现象.此外,IASBR反应器脱氮除磷效率高,温度对TOC和TP去除率的影响不敏感.不排泥条件下,进水COD/TN为3.1±0.4时,TN去除率高达90%以上,TOC和TP去除率分别高达83.6%±3.9%和58.5%±17.8%;随后COD/TN降低至1.7±0.3后,TN去除率仍高达80%以上,TOC和TP去除率仅略有降低分别为77.3%±4.6%、53.1%±10.1%.     

TiO2/g-C3N4在泡沫陶瓷表面的负载及光催化空气净化性能增强

以市售P25(TiO_2)和g-C_3N_4为原料,以多孔氧化铝泡沫陶瓷为载体,进行了负载型光催化组件的设计与环境应用.运用浸渍提拉-热处理法制备负载P25/g-C_3N_4的泡沫陶瓷组件,对其微结构进行了表征测试,并将其应用于空气中NO的去除.结果表明,P25/g-C_3N_4在氧化铝泡沫陶瓷表面负载牢固,P25/g-C_3N_4禁带结构匹配有利于光生电荷的分离.研究了P25/g-C_3N_4比例对光催化性能的影响,当g-C_3N_4占P25的量为30%时,负载组件的光催化性能最佳,对NO的去除率达到79.6%.在5次循环反应后,负载型光催化剂表现出良好的稳定性.本研究为P25/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂的空气净化应用提供了思路和技术基础.     

覆膜与降雨类型对土壤水分及NO3--N淋失的影响

在丹江口库区青塘河五龙池小流域,以黄棕壤横垄种植玉米为例,设置覆膜与无覆膜两种处理,采用田间小区实验研究覆膜与降雨类型对0~30 cm土壤水分和NO-3-N淋失的影响.结果表明:两处理土壤含水量均随土层加深而增加,与无覆膜相比覆膜可降低0~10、10~20、20~30cm土层中的含水量.不同降雨类型对覆膜土壤含水量的影响有区别,小雨时3层土壤间差异显著,含水量随土层加深急剧增加;中雨时10~20cm比0~10 cm、20~30 cm比10~20 cm分别高50.80%、6.62%,0~10 cm土壤含水量显著低于10~20 cm和20~30 cm;暴雨时含水量随土层加深增幅变小;覆膜土壤土层越深土壤含水量受降雨的影响越小.覆膜可降低0~10、10~20 cm土层中的NO-3-N淋失量,分别降低40.74%、24.48%,但会增加20~30 cm的淋失;两处理土壤NO-3-N淋失量均随土层加深而增加.不同降雨类型对覆膜土壤NO-3-N淋失的影响也有区别,小雨时随土壤深度的增加淋失量增多;中雨时,0~10、20~30 cm NO-3-N淋失量分别为10~20 cm的1.75、8.41倍;暴雨时,0~10、20~30 cm分别比10~20 cm低18.97%和60.69%.土壤中NO-3-N淋失受土壤含水量的影响,且随土层加深含水量对NO-3-N淋失的影响减弱.     

灰色模型理论在环境空气质量趋势分析中的应用

根据泰州市保护局公布的2006 ～ 2010泰州市环境空气的监测数据,利用灰色系统GM(1,1)残差修正模型,分析预测未来5年的环境空气质量.预测结果显示,泰州市未来5年环境空气质量将持续好转,这表明,泰州市近年来采取的产业结构调整和清洁能源战略实施卓有成效.     

Characterization and Properties of Hydrophilic Cellulose Acetate Propionate Derivative

The chemical modification of Acrylamidomethyl Cellulose Acetate Propionate (AMCAP) was carried out by radical addition of acrylic acid. The structural modification was confirmed with the aid of FTIR, MS and NMR techniques. Thermal properties of hydrophilic cellulose derivative (AMCAP–H₂O₂) such as glass transition (T_g 153 °C) and thermal stability (372.7 °C) were determined by DSC and TGA techniques, respectively. These thermal properties confirmed the introduction of carboxylic groups into AMCAP structure, which causes an impact in their properties. The AMCAP–H₂O₂ shows minor contact angle compared to AMCAP, giving a more hydrophilic characteristic, due to acrylic acid addition into the side chains of AMCAP polymer.     

Sublethal impact of paraquat on the life span and parasitic behavior of Diaeretiella rapae M’Intosh

This study focuses on assessing the impact of sublethal doses of paraquat on the survival, the emergence, the life span and the parasitic behavior of Diaeretiella rapae M’Intosh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The impact of sublethal doses was measured at room temperature using different densities of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae. The results reveal that the field dose of paraquat caused 100% mortality in D. rapae. The percentage emergence of D. rapae decreased from 80.5% in the control group to 71.5% when treated with the lowest concentration of paraquat. Similarly, the life span of parasitoids that emerged from the mummy treated with paraquat also decreased significantly. Oviposition capability and ovipositor thrusting frequency of D. rapae also treated with sublethal dose paraquat decreased significantly along with a shortened patch residence time in the foraging area.     

A WATER QUALITY‐BASED APPROACH FOR WATERSHED WIDE BMP STRATEGIES1

ABSTRACT: Watershed management strategies generally involve controlling nonpoint source pollution by implementing various best management practices (BMPs). Currently, stormwater management programs in most states use a performance‐based approach to implement onsite BMPs. This approach fails to link the onsite BMP performance directly to receiving water quality benefits, and it does not take into account the combined treatment effects of all the stormwater management practices within a watershed. To address these issues, this paper proposes a water quality‐based BMP planning approach for effective nonpoint source pollution control at a watershed scale. A coupled modeling system consisting of a watershed model (HSPF) and a receiving water quality model (CE‐QUAL‐W2) was developed to establish the linkage between BMP performance and receiving water quality targets. A Monte Carlo simulation approach was utilized to develop alternative BMP strategies at a watershed level. The developed methodology was applied to the Swift Creek Reservoir watershed in Virginia, and the results show that the proposed approach allows for the development of BMP strategies that lead to full compliance with water quality requirements.     

论企业安全生产责任制的建立

通过说明企业安全生产责任制的意义 ,详细地阐述了安全生产责任制的内容 ,并提出了贯彻落实安全生产责任制的具体措施