制药废水有机污染物特性分析与处理

分析了某制药企业废水生物处理站进出水中有机污染物的相对分子质量分布和气相色谱—质谱图谱,提出了根据废水水质特性有针对性地确定制药废水处理工艺的新思路.实验结果表明:进出水中的有机污染物主要是相对分子质量小于1 000的物质,且主要来源于车间5排放的COD比重大、水量小的工段废水;采用旋转蒸馏预处理法处理车间5废水,可使...     

Study on the denitrification performance of FexLayOz/activated coke for NH3-SCR and the effect of CO escaped from activated coke at mid-high temperature on catalytic activity

Currently, activated coke is widely used in the removal of multiple pollutants from industrial flue gas. In this paper, a series of novel Fe_xLa_yO_z/AC catalysts was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation for NH₃-SCR denitrification reaction. The introduction of Fe-La bimetal oxides significantly improved the denitrification performance of activated coke at mid-high temperature, and 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC exhibited a superior NO_x conversion efficiency of 90.1% at 400 °C. The catalysts were further characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, Raman, EPR, XPS, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, et al., whose results showed that the perovskite-type oxide of LaFeO₃ and oxygen vacancies were produced on the catalysts’ surfaces during roasting. Fe-La doping enhanced the amount of acid sites (mainly Lewis and other stronger acid sites) and the content of multifarious oxygen species, which were beneficial for NO_x removal at mid-high temperature. Moreover, it was investigated that the effect of released CO from activated coke at mid-high temperature on the NO_x removal through the lifetime test, in which it was found that a large amount of CO produced by pyrolysis of activated coke could promote the NO_x removal, and long-term escaping of CO on the activated coke carrier did not have a significant negative impact on catalytic performance. The results of the TG-IR test showed that volatile matter is released from the activated coke while TG results showed that the weight loss rate of 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC only was 0.0015~0.007%/min at 300–400 °C. Hence, 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC had excellent thermal stability and denitrification performance to be continuously used at mid-high temperature. Finally, the mechanisms were proposed on the basis of experiments and characterization results.

     

Larvicidal and pupicidal activities of eco-friendly phenolic lipid products from Anacardium occidentale nutshell against arbovirus vectors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are vectors of diseases that constitute public health problems. The discovery of products capable of...     

CePO4-TiO2固溶体的NH3-SCR活性

采用共沉淀法合成了不同Ce与Ti摩尔比的CePO₄-TiO₂复合材料,利用XRD、TEM、NH₃-TPD和H₂-TPR技术对其物理化学性质进行了表征,并对其NH₃-SCR活性进行了评价。实验结果表明：随着CePO₄含量的增加,催化剂的活性提高;当Ce与Ti的摩尔比为8:2时催化剂的活性最高,230 ℃的NO转化率达到100%,且具有更广的温度窗口,优于纯CePO₄。表征结果显示,CePO₄与TiO₂形成固溶体后,颗粒尺寸较为均匀,强酸位的数量增多,氧化还原性能提升,从而提高了催化剂的SCR反应活性,同时改善了其抗水抗硫性能。     

高密度电法在原位修复土壤过程中的监控研究

采用高密度电阻率成像法（ERT）对上海市某有机污染场地土壤污染原地修复进行研究，通过持续监测药剂注入前后电阻率的改变来推断药剂和污染物的扩散路径。结果表明，药剂扩散的影响半径介于2 m～4 m之间；其影响深度根据注药点和土壤渗透性差异而有所不同，在16 m处注药的影响深度大于监测深度20 m，ERT技术在监控原位注入修复过程中具有较好的可行性和适用性。     

膜生物反应器处理微污染水源水的研究与应用现状

膜生物反应器及其组合工艺能实现水源水中微污染物的有效去除,是一种新型高效水处理工艺.总结了膜生物反应器处理微污染水源水的研究与应用现状、污染物去除效果和机制;在分析膜污染机制基础上归纳了膜污染控制和污染膜清洗方式,展望了膜生物反应器在给水领域应用需克服解决的技术难点.     

Biomass consumption and CO2, CO and main hydrocarbon gas emissions in an Amazonian forest clearing fire

Biomass consumption and CO₂, CO and hydrocarbon gas emissions in an Amazonian forest clearing fire are presented and discussed. The experiment was conducted in the arc of deforestation, near the city of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The average carbon content of dry biomass was 48% and the estimated average moisture content of fresh biomass was 42% on wet weight basis. The fresh biomass and the amount of carbon on the ground before burning were estimated as 528 t ha^?1 and 147 t ha^?1, respectively. The overall biomass consumption for the experiment was estimated as 23.9%. A series of experiment in the same region resulted in average efficiency of 40% for areas of same size and 50% for larger areas. The lower efficiency obtained in the burn reported here occurred possibly due to rain before the experiment. Excess mixing ratios were measured for CO₂, CO, CH₄, C₂–C₃ aliphatic hydrocarbons, and PM_2.5. Excess mixing ratios of CH₄ and C₂–C₃ hydrocarbons were linearly correlated with those of CO. The average emission factors of CO₂, CO, CH₄, NMHC, and PM_2.5 were 1,599, 111.3, 9.2, 5.6, and 4.8 g kg^?1 of burned dry biomass, respectively. One hectare of burned forest released about 117,000 kg of CO₂, 8100 kg of CO, 675 kg of CH₄, 407 kg of NMHC and 354 kg of PM_2.5.     

渗滤液污染包气带中铁的形态变化

从渗滤液场龄和包气带岩性两方面出发,研究了新、老渗滤液对亚粘土和细砂包气带环境中Fe的含量及存在形态的影响。结果表明：新、老渗滤液分别能使细砂包气带介质中除残渣态以外Fe的含量增加16.68%或降低13.82%。亚粘土比细砂作为包气带介质更能缓冲渗滤液对介质中Fe的影响程度,其受影响范围在包气带0～20 cm深度处。当亚粘土为介质的包气带被新渗滤液污染后,其表层介质中碳酸盐结合态Fe的含量会增加15倍之多,为缓冲渗滤液Fe的污染做出了巨大贡献,但这部分Fe的存在也是潜在的二次污染源,在环境pH急剧变化的情况下,它可能会引起地下水高铁污染。     

Teachers' conceptions of nature and environment in 16 countries

By using an original framework involving complementary statistical approaches, we investigated the environmental attitudes of 6379 pre-service and in-service teachers in 16 countries of Europe and its neighbourhood. To test hypotheses about the nature of environmental attitudes, we examined the variation across groups of individuals (between-class analysis), investigated the independent effects of several candidate explanatory factors (orthogonal analysis), and finally inspected potential relationships between conceptions on a variety of topics (co-inertia analysis).     

近十年我国休闲旅游行为与区域开发研究进展

1999年美国<时代>杂志预言:2015年发达国家将进入"休闲时代",发展中国家将紧随其后,休闲将成为人类生活的重要组成部分.作为世界上最大的发展中国家,自改革开放以来中国社会经济的快速发展促使了国民的闲暇时间和可自由支配收入不断增加,一种以休闲为目的的旅游逐渐成为国人主要的旅游方式.近10年来,我国不同学科背景的学者们对这一具有中国特色的休闲旅游理论进行了研究,特别是我国拥有休闲旅游者行为特征以及休闲旅游地开发方面的研究受到了国内学者们的广泛关注.分别从消费者行为学、地理学和市场学对1999-2008年我国休闲旅游的研究成果进行了系统回顾,并从研究内容和研究方法等方面对研究成果进行了总结.