一体化接触氧化反应器处理景区生活污水

常州某旅游景区采用一体化生活污水处理装置处理该区生活污水,通过试验确定反应器的最佳工艺参数,研究表明采用接触氧化反应器处理农村污水,在反应器内溶解氧维持在2.0~4.0 mg/L,水力负荷为3.53 m3/(m3.d)的运行条件下,对COD、NH3-N及TN去除率分别达80.82%、69.12%、63.16%,出水可稳定达GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级标准。     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

Adsorptive property of Cu^2＋-loaded montmorillonite clays for Escherichia coli K_（88） in vitro

The Cu²⁺-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution.     

Effect of C/N ratio, aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting

Gaseous emission (N₂O, CH₄ and NH₃) from composting can be an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollution. A laboratory scale orthogonal experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system. The results showed that about 23.9% to 45.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) was lost in the form of CO₂ and 0.8% to 7.5% of TOC emitted as CH₄. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH₃, which account for 9.6% to 32.4% of initial nitrogen. N₂O was also an important way of nitrogen losses and 1.5% to 7.3% of initial total nitrogen was lost as it. Statistic analysis showed that the aeration rate is the most important factor which could affect the NH₃ (p = 0.0189), CH₄ (p = 0.0113) and N₂O (p = 0.0493) emissions significantly. Higher aeration rates reduce the CH₄ emission but increase the NH₃ and N₂O losses. C/N ratio could affect the NH₃ (p = 0.0442) and CH₄ (p = 0.0246) emissions significantly, but not the N₂O. Lower C/N ratio caused higher NH₃ and CH₄ emissions. The initial moisture content can not influence the gaseous emission significantly. Most treatments were matured after 37 days, except a trial with high moisture content and a low C/N ratio.     

间甲酚对斑马鱼胚胎的影响

采用静态实验方法,研究了不同浓度的间甲酚(m-cresol)对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性.结果表明,当m-cresol浓度超过一定数值时,伴随着时间的延长可使暴露胚胎的畸形数增加,暴露胚胎孵化出的仔鱼也出现畸形现象,mcresol的毒性呈现出剂量-效应关系.当m-cresol质量浓度不小于13 mg/L时,暴露12 h的胚胎开始出现畸形;质量浓度为25 mg/L时,暴露24 h的胚胎全部畸形.m-cresol对胚胎24 h眼点发育及20 s主动活动、48 h黑色素和72 h各类畸形的EC50分别为33.609,8.882和5.652 mg/L.可见,一定浓度的m-cresol可对斑马鱼胚胎及其孵化仔鱼产生毒性作用.     

Phytoremediation of levonorgestrel in aquatic environment by hydrophytes

Adsorption and degradation of levonorgestrel （LNG） by two hydrophytes, Cyperus alternfolius （CA） and Eichhornia crassipes （EC）, were investigated under light-shielding conditions in the water column. Variations of LNG concentrations in water, plant root epidermis, root, stem and leaf of the plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of LNG by hydrophytes over the period of 50 days was significantly greater than the blank control （p 〈 0.05）, with the removal rates of 79.80%± 3.10% and 78.86% ± 2.55% for CA and EC, respectively. Compared with bio-adsorption, bio-conversion of LNG was found to be the dominant elimination pathway, evidenced by relatively high conversion rates （77.31% ±2.68% for CA and 77.82% ± 2.95% for EC）, while the adsorption rates were lower （1.77% ± 0.90% for CA and 1.05% ± 0.40% for EC）. The bio-adsorption and conversion of LNG showed no significant differences between the two hydrophytes. Additionally, the mineralization on root epidermis played an important role in the reduction of LNG in water.     

我国清洁生产审核现状分析

清洁生产是我国工业可持续发展的一项重要战略.但目前有些清洁生产审核机构的清洁生产审核工作还存在着“粗放”现象,不利于清洁生产可持续发展.本文结合清洁生产审核现状,针对清洁生产审核过程中存在的问题,进行了系统分析.作者认为,树立群体意识、加强领导的表率作用,对促进我国清洁生产审核工作持续、稳定、健康发展,推进环境污染防治工作具有重要意义.     

汞污染农田土壤低温热解处理性能研究

选取贵州清镇地区汞污染农田土壤作为低温热解修复试验对象,研究处理温度、处理时间以及土壤含水率对低温热解法去除土壤汞效率的影响。同时采用连续浸提法对土样中7种形态的汞进行提取,分析热解升温过程中各形态汞的变化状况。结果表明:(1)处理温度越高,汞去除效率越大。当温度为350℃时,去除率达到90%以上。(2)处理时间越长,汞的去除率越高。处理持续时间为90min时,去除率达到90%。(3)土壤含水率越高,汞去除率越低。当风干时间10 d,土壤含水率13.8%时为处理土壤最佳条件。(4)7种形态的汞随温度升高均下降显著,当温度达到350℃时,处理后土样中水溶态和交换态已完全去除,其他形态的去除率也均达到90%以上,土样中最终以残渣态汞为主,环境风险小。     

壳聚糖絮凝微藻的研究进展及展望

微藻作为一种卓越的生物资源已经受到全世界的关注。从藻液中采收微藻一直是个瓶颈。壳聚糖是目前被普遍认可的安全有效的微藻絮凝剂,通过对其进行适当的改性,可以更好地提高絮凝效率。文章综述了壳聚糖以及改性壳聚糖絮凝剂的絮凝机理和性能,并对壳聚糖絮凝微藻研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

上海市产业结构调整的战略环境评价

以上海市环境可持续性发展为总目标,构建三系统四层次DSR指标体系框架,通过科学的指标筛选,建立了合理的评价指标体系;运用灰色关联度分析法建立环境可持续性发展水平评价模型,对上海市产业结构调整进行了战略环境评价。结果显示:上海市产业结构调整相关政策充分考虑了环境影响,但在发展中应重视过渡时期出现的可持续性指数增长的平台期及其可能造成的社会不安定;在产业结构调整的战略环境评价过程和评价结果分析中,不能只关注可持续性指数的增长率,要紧紧依靠国家的发展目标和自身的优势地位,抓住机遇和国际大形势,努力实现自身产业结构调整的顺利进行。