含油污水处理技术与发展趋势

含油污水处理技术有物理处理技术,化学处理技术,物理化学处理技术以及生物技术和生化处理技术等。列出了各种技术的具体应用,指明了各种含油污水处理技术的发展趋势。     

大型厂房消防安全设计评估

借鉴国际性能法规发展的经验,跟踪国际火灾科学研究前沿,着手研究和建立适用于我国新的建筑防火设计规范体系,已成为我国消防现代化建设的重要战略任务之一。作者以具体实例为对象,分别采用处方式和性能化设计方法进行建筑防火设计评估,演示两者设计过程和设计理论的差异。本文将是一组文章之一,针对一个大型边间厂房的具体设计按照处方式法规进行了评估,文章鉴别设计中不符合现行规范的条款并按规范提出修订方案,其阐述和讨论结果可为进一步进行火灾安全性能设计提供参考。有关的性能设计分析将在另一篇文章中详细介绍。     

黄河流域干旱状况变化的气候与植被特征分析

应用干旱的气候分析方法和遥感监测方法,分别利用1982～1998年(1999年)降水和气温气象数据,以及AVHRR的NDVI遥感数据计算了黄河流域气候干旱指数和距平NDVI。以像元为单位,应用线性回归斜率和相关系数分析了流域内干旱状况的气候特征和植被特征的变化状况,并进行了流域干旱状况类型的区域划分,从气候和植被特征方面分析了黄河流域近18年来干旱变化状况。通过研究得出以下结论:黄河流域在1982～1999年间干旱的气候特征比较突出,在101°20'E以东地区受干旱威胁,共占黄河流域面积的71%;黄河流域在101°20'E以西的源头地区,干旱的气候特征和植被特征目前都处在相对减弱的趋势中,干旱没有进一步严重恶化的迹象;黄河流域灌溉农业地区植被基本不受气候干旱的影响。     

膨润土对土壤腐殖质特性的影响

砂质土壤腐殖质含量低,影响了土壤肥力.文章通过田间条件下砂滤管试验,利用膨润土的吸附和粘结功能,研究了膨润土不同用量对土壤腐殖质特性的影响.结果表明:膨润土在促进松结态腐殖质分解、加速紧结态腐殖质合成方面发挥了重要作用,有利于增加土壤系统的内稳性.施用膨润土促进了紧结态和稳结态腐殖质中HA的积累,提高了HA/FA比.胡敏酸红外吸收光谱表明,膨润土能使其脂肪族物质增多、芳化度降低.膨润土具有提高土壤腐殖质含量,改善土壤腐殖质特性,从而提高了土壤肥力.     

凹凸棒石粘土净化柴油机废气的研究

利用天然凹凸棒石粘土制备成的吸收液,用于柴油机废气的净化过程。柴油机废气在喷射反应器中经凹凸棒石粘土溶液吸收脱除其中的碳烟颗粒物及其它污染物质而净化。实验表明该吸收液具有胶体特性,对碳烟颗粒物有较强的亲合力。在实验条件下,废气中的碳烟脱除率可达71 .3% ,NOX 的脱除率为80 . 4 % ,HC和SO2 等有害气体的脱除率均高于90 % ,气体出口温度从2 0 0～2 5 0℃下降到约5 5℃,气相阻力为3 5kPa。     

基于EFA的旅游景区生态承载力及可持续发展

生态足迹分析(EFA)是一种测量人类对自然利用程度、量化生态承载力的新方法。为测度旅游景区的建设强度对其开发区域生态承载力的影响,本文提出基于生态足迹的“生态占用率”及划分“生态占用适宜度”的“生态占用黄金分割法”,并以湖北中华山森林公园为实例,定量分析该项目对景区生态承载力的影响及游客规模限量;为旅游业的可持续发展提供了新思路。     

旅顺港环境质量变化趋势与评价

利用1987～2003年中对旅顺港进行的7次监测的历史数据和资料,对旅顺港的水质、沉积物环境质量的变化趋势进行了研究。结果表明,20世纪90年代的旅顺港环境质量较差,1999年始由于加大了对旅顺港环境污染的综合治理．以及2000年至2002年对旅顺港疏浚,使旅顺港的环境质量明显变好。     

Research on an Online Identification Algorithm for a Thevenin Battery Model by an Experimental Approach

To improve the estimation accuracy of battery’s inner state for battery management system, an online parameters identification algorithm for Thevenin battery model is researched. The Thevenin model and parameters identification algorithm based on recursive least square adaptive filter algorithm was built with the Simulink/xPC Target. The results of hardware-in-loop experiment, which uses Federal Urban Driving Schedule test to verify the parameters identification approach, show the proposed approach can accurately identify the model parameters within 1% maximum terminal voltage estimation error, and the State of Charge error which calculated by the open circuit voltage estimates can be efficiently reduced to 4%.     

Anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and fruit/vegetable waste: Lab-scale and pilot-scale studies

The anaerobic digestion performances of kitchen waste (KW) and fruit/vegetable waste (FVW) were investigated for establishing engineering digestion system. The study was conducted from lab-scale to pilot-scale, including batch, single-phase and two-phase experiments. The lab-scale experimental results showed that the ratio of FVW to KW at 5:8 presented higher methane productivity (0.725 L CH₄/g VS), and thereby was recommended. Two-phase digestion appeared to have higher treatment capacity and better buffer ability for high organic loading rate (OLR) (up to 5.0 g (VS) L^?1 d^?1), compared with the low OLR of 3.5 g (VS) L^?1 d^?1 for single-phase system. For two-phase digestion, the pilot-scale system showed similar performances to those of lab-scale one, except slightly lower maximum OLR of 4.5 g (VS) L^?1 d^?1 was allowed. The pilot-scale system proved to be profitable with a net profit of 10.173 $/ton as higher OLR (?3.0 g (VS) L^?1 d^?1) was used.     

Economies of size and density in municipal solid waste recycling in Portugal

The recycling of municipal solid waste has a remarkable importance in the preservation of the environment and the welfare of the society. However, it is also important that this service can be provided with efficient costs. This paper aims to search for economies of output density and economies of size in the selective collection and recycling activities in Portugal and to identify the size the utilities should have to become more cost efficient. The sample comprises all Portuguese recycling utilities operating in the wholesale segment in the period 2006–2010. The results show that the Portuguese recycling utilities should increase the quantities of municipal solid waste for recycling (especially glass and paper) and also become larger to dimensions corresponding to a supply of 400–550 thousand inhabitants. With the increasing amount of glass collected, utilities are simultaneously struggling to fulfill the targets established by the European legislation and explore the existing economies of output density. The results also show that the management of these services carried out by private companies and the use of incineration (by utilities) seem to reduce the costs of utilities while the regulation of these services and the composting of waste held by utilities tend to increase costs.