大尺度料斗卸料扬尘控制技术的研究与探讨

针对大尺度料斗在抓料斗、重载汽车等卸料过程中产生的扬尘问题,分别对单侧抽风式扬尘控制技术、多侧抽风式扬尘控制技术、单侧吹吸式扬尘控制技术和多侧吹吸式扬尘控制技术等扬尘控制技术的扬尘控制效果进行了探讨。另外,针对两边同时具有卸料点的大尺度料斗,在重载汽车卸料过程中产生的扬尘问题,提出了移动式扬尘控制技术对其扬尘进行控制;并结合具体实例对移动式扬尘控制技术的应用进行了介绍,同时指出了其使用过程中存在的问题。     

基于MODIS的长江源植被NPP时空变化特征及其水文效应

植被净初级生产力是反映植被生态系统对气候变化响应的重要指标。基于2000—2010年MODIS NPP数据,结合同期年径流、气温、降水数据,运用趋势分析法、相关分析法以及径流过程指标法等方法,研究了长江源区2000—2010年植被aNPP的时空变化特征及其水文效应。研究结果表明：1） 近11 a来,长江源区植被aNPP呈增加的趋势,增加趋势不显著,线性增长率为48.22 gC/m²;在水热条件的影响下,植被aNPP增长呈现出空间异质性,增加幅度由东南向西北逐渐减少。2） 不同植被类型的aNPP增长趋势不同,其中针叶林、灌丛、高寒草甸和高寒草原的aNPP增长率分别为3.03、2.68、1.43和0.85 gC/(m²·a)。3） 植被aNPP与6—9月的气温、5—8月的降水量呈显著相关。4） 径流系数和水源涵养指数的增大进一步验证植被aNPP的增加趋势,并对源区的水资源量产生有利影响。     

The time process of post‐earthquake recovery: the Yao'an earthquake in China

Post‐disaster recovery is a constantly changing and developing process. The authors conducted three real‐name follow‐up surveys at 1, 12 and 18 months after the Yao'an earthquake, which had a surface wave magnitude of 6.0. They also calculated recovery ratios at different times and drew post‐earthquake domestic life recovery curves. Based on the recovery curves, the time trajectory of domestic life recovery takes on an approximate S‐type development and change process. The recovery time process of domestic life can be divided into four periods: emergency period (weeks 0–2(5)), early recovery period (weeks 2(5)–24), rapid recovery period (weeks 24–34) and late recovery period (weeks 34–60(80)).     

煤矸石烧结砖厂废气凝结物的研究

采集煤矸石烧结砖厂隧道窑废气热交换器内壁的凝结物,利用XRF、XRD、IR、DTA-TG、SEM、EDS、ICP-MS和AFS等方法进行了研究。结果表明:凝结物主要为水合硫酸亚铁和水合硫酸铁,S含量为119.2 mg/g,且Se、As、Pb等微量元素在凝结物中富集。与煤矸石原料相比,凝结物中Se的富集程度最高,含量达到了0.637 mg/g,相对富集因子为467.52;S、Tl、Mo、As、Pb的相对富集因子从57.05依次减小到6.18,F及亲硫元素Sb、Cd、Zn、Ni、Cu、Co富集程度较低;Sr、Th、Be、Ba、U、V、Cr的相对富集因子小于0.5,显示在烧结砖制备过程中的挥发性很低。     

基于气象和遥感数据的河南省干旱特征分析

干旱是一种常见的自然灾害,严重影响着我国的农业生产。论文分别采用标准化降水指数(SPI)和条件植被指数(VCI)对河南省干旱时空特征进行分析,并探讨了气象干旱和农业干旱的相关性。结果表明:近60 a河南省气象干旱频率呈现出轻微上升的趋势,夏秋两季气象干旱频率较高,农业干旱频率在秋冬两季较高,气象干旱和农业干旱频率在不同季节呈现出不同的空间分布特点。整体上看,农业干旱相对于气象干旱,存在一定程度的滞后:冬季最长,约为2个月,春季较长,约为1个月,而夏季最短,小于1个月;河南省SPI和VCI的相关性具有明显的时空分布特征:冬季和春季相关性较强,夏季次之,秋季最差;平原和盆地区等冬小麦/夏玉米种植区正相关性较强,在非耕地区有所减弱,而在信阳南部等水稻种植区正相关性差。     

香格里拉本底站大气CO2浓度及变化特征初步研究

利用基于光腔衰荡光谱(Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy,CRDS)技术自组装的大气CO2在线观测系统,于2010年9月—2011年8月在云南香格里拉大气本底站对大气CO2进行了初步观测.该站春、夏、秋、冬季CO2平均本底浓度分别为394.78×10-6(物质的量之比,下同)、386.82×10-6、386.46×10-6和390.74×10-6.全年浓度在4—5月最高,7月份最低,全年月均值振幅约12.22×10-6.四季浓度日平均高值出现在上午7∶00左右,最低值出现在14∶00—17∶00.日变化振幅在冬季最小,夏季最大,分别为1.51×10-6和21.82×10-6.四季西南来向的地面风对CO2浓度均有明显的降低作用.通过四季每日整点后向轨迹聚类计算,结合浓度资料分析发现,该站春、夏、秋季来自于西南方向的气团降低了观测的CO2浓度,而在冬季未起到明显的降低作用,主要因该站局地植被生态系统排放减少所致.     

Short- and long-term consistency in the foraging niche of wandering albatrosses

The wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) is regarded as a generalist predator, but can it be consistent in its foraging niche at an individual level? This study tested short- and long-term consistency in the foraging niche in terms of habitat use, trophic level and, by inference, prey selection. Fieldwork was carried out at Bird Island, South Georgia, in May–October 2009, during the chick-rearing period. Blood (plasma and cells) and feathers for stable isotope analyses (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were sampled from 35 adults on their return from a foraging trip during which they carried stomach temperature, activity and global positioning system loggers. Results suggest short-term consistency in foraging niche in relation to both oceanic water mass and trophic level, and long-term consistency in use of habitat. Consistent differences between individuals partly reflected sex-specific habitat preferences. The proportion of consistent individuals (i.e., with a narrow foraging niche) was estimated at c. 40?% for short-term habitat and trophic level (prey) preferences and 29?% for longer-term habitat preference, suggesting this is an important characteristic of this population and potentially of pelagic seabirds in general. Foraging consistency was not related to body condition or level of breeding experience; instead, it may reduce intraspecific competition.     

油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)与细菌间的基因水平转移

油菜菌核病（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）是油菜生产上最重要的病害之一,其致病性可能来源于基因水平转移（Horizontal gene transfer,HGT）.为认识其致病原理和寻找新的真菌抑制剂的靶点,首先通过BLASTp发现其基因XM₀01585458.1编码蛋白XP₀01585508.1与细菌比对结果中出现低E值3.23e-109和高SCORE值436,暗示存在HGT现象;进一步通过系统进化树的建立,发现该蛋白在进化分枝上更接近于细菌中由Streptomyces sp.C的NZ_CM000832.1基因编码的蛋白ZP₀7291173;同时核苷酸组成分析也发现该基因与油菜菌核病菌基因组的碱基组成有较大差别,GC含量提高了14.95%.这些结果证明了XM₀01585458.1的确存在基因水平转移事件.结构分析和COG蛋白功能分类显示该HGT序列编码蛋白XP₀01585508.1具有FA58C₃（Coagulation factors 5/8 type C domain）、Kelch repeat type 1、Galactose-binding domain-like、Galactose oxidase/kelch,beta-propeller等保守结构域,应为一个膜蛋白并参与多糖代谢,推测该水平转移基因与S.sclerotiorum在侵染植物时进行细胞壁水解和致病性有关.     

Application to the Port of Sines of a new tool for risk assessment in port navigation

This paper describes a first approach on the risk assessment in port navigation using GUIOMAR, an integrated system for port and coastal engineering modelling developed at the National Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC), Portugal, using a GIS software environment. A set of automatic procedures was designed to include a new methodology based on the amplitude of the wave-induced vertical movement of a ship along its trajectory. In this methodology, the risk in port navigation is assessed on the basis of a combination of the probability of exceedance of a pre-set threshold for the ship??s vertical movements and its consequences. To test the new procedures, a set of sea wave records obtained at the Sines wave-buoy from 1988 to 2002 was transferred into Sines Port using two numerical models of sea wave propagation and deformation (SWAN and DREAMS), included in the GUIOMAR system. The numerical model WAMIT was used for estimating the wave-induced ship??s vertical movements inside the port. By applying the new procedures, automatic generation of risk maps was carried out for navigation in the vicinity of the West breakwater of the Port of Sines. The recent developments contribute towards a more versatile and efficient GUIOMAR system, which results in a more adequate tool to support decision-making processes in port and coastal management.