排序方式: 共有19条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
11.
Teruhiko Takahara Yukihiro Kohmatsu Atsushi Maruyama Ryohei Yamaoka 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,63(2):235-240
When predator chemical cues are present, low activity of prey is a commonly seen defensive behavior. However, few studies
have explored the functional implications of the defensive behaviors and, thus, elucidated the possible linkages between behavioral
responses and its consequences. In this study, we experimentally investigated how behavioral responses of Hyla japonica tadpoles to predator chemical cues affect vulnerability to a dragonfly nymph Anax parthenope julius. The frequency of tadpoles attacked by dragonfly nymphs was lower with chemical cues of predator was present than without
chemical cues, and most of attacks occurred when tadpoles were mobile. When tadpoles were exposed to chemical cues, on the
other hand, their swimming speed was quicker and swimming distance was longer, respectively, and the rates of being approached
of the swimming tadpoles by dragonfly nymph was lower than those not exposed to chemical cues. We found that the tadpoles
are induced by predator chemical cues not only to generally lower activity but also to swim in bursts as additional behavior
and that the suite of their behavioral responses reduce the vulnerability against dragonfly nymph. Tadpoles can receive information
about the predation risks by chemical cues and adjust their defensive behavior accordingly. 相似文献
12.
Synergy of ozonation and photocatalysis to mineralize low concentration 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) may affect its degradation kinetics in advanced oxidation systems, and combinations of two or more systems can be more effective for its mineralization at low concentration levels. Degradations and mineralizations of 0.045mM 2,4-D using O(3), O(3)/UV, UV/TiO(2) and O(3)/UV/TiO(2) systems were compared, and influence of reaction temperature on the mineralization in O(3)/UV/TiO(2) system was investigated. 2,4-D degradations by O(3), O(3)/UV and UV/TiO(2) systems were similar to the results of earlier investigations with higher 2,4-D concentrations. The degradations and total organic carbon (TOC) removals in the four systems were well described by the first-order reaction kinetics. The degradation and removal were greatly enhanced in O(3)/UV/TiO(2) system, and further enhancements were observed with larger O(3) supplies. The enhancements were attributed to hydroxyl radical (()OH) generation from more than one reaction pathway. The degradation and removal in O(3)/UV/TiO(2) system were very efficient with reaction temperature fixed at 20 degrees C. It was suspected that reaction temperature might have influenced ()OH generation in the system, which needs further attention. 相似文献
13.
Bam H. N. Razafindrabe Ryohei Kada Makoto Arima Shoji Inoue 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(2):177-198
This study aims at understanding flood risks and their impact on a community, in order to enhance communities’ resilience and adaptive capacity to these threats. It also investigates the possibility of looking at and handling risk from a resilience point of view. Therefore, while a conventional risk management process is employed in this study, social, physical, economic, and institutional dimensions of resilience are also included in order to grasp the extent of risks and the ways in which communities face, cope with, and recover from flooding. Findings showed that there was no significant difference in the perception of flood risk among household heads educated up to secondary school level, suggesting that they believe floods are purely natural events. Those with a higher level of education (high school and above) (82.7 % of respondents) were aware that flood disasters are the result of hazard and vulnerability combined. In addition, social dynamics were apparently strengthened by such disasters, which resulted in cohesion and mutual help following floods in some wards. Also, households with more sources of income and more savings appear to recover faster than others after a flooding event. With regard to governance and networks, greater efforts have to be made by local institutions to ensure basic functioning during and after disaster events and to invest more into risk reduction activities. However, further studies need to be conducted to clarify the understanding of the impact flood disasters have on the environment and community lives and livelihoods in general, as traditional coping strategies, although still practical, no longer suffice in the face of changes in climate and environment. 相似文献
14.
Makino Ryohei Yamazaki Yasuko Nagao Konomu Apego Francis Victor Mekata Hirohisa Yamazaki Wataru 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(2):167-173
Food and Environmental Virology - Highly sensitive detection of pathogens is effective for screening meat during quarantine inspection and export. The “micro-amount of virion enrichment... 相似文献
15.
A novel use of TiO2 fiber for photocatalytic ozonation of
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
More efficient oxidation methods are needed to degrade especially newly emerging recalcitrant organic contaminants at low concentrations in the water environment. Reduced photonic efficiency of immobilized TiO2 is a major challenge in TiO2-assisted advanced oxidation processes (AOP). Mineralization of 2,4-dichllorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in low aqueous solution by O3/UV/TiO2 using the world's first high-strength TiO2 fiber was investigated and compared with O3, UV/TiO2, and O3/TiO2 in laboratory batch ex... 相似文献
16.
Yoshitomo Mori Minoru Yoneda Yoko Shimada Satoshi Fukutani Maiko Ikegami Ryohei Shimomura 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(4):256
We investigated the depth profiles of radioactive Cs, ignition loss, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in five types of forest soils sampled using scraper plates. We then simulated the monitored depth profiles in a compartment model, taking ignition loss as a parameter based on experimental results showing a positive correlation between ignition loss and the CEC. The calculated values were comparable with the monitored values, though some discrepancy was observed in the middle of the soil layer. Based on decontamination data on the surface dose rate and surface contamination concentration, we newly defined a surface residual index (SRI) to evaluate the residual radioactive Cs on surfaces. The SRI value tended to gradually decrease in forests and unpaved roads and was much smaller in forests and on unpaved roads than on paved roads. The radioactive Cs was assumed to have already infiltrated underground 18 months after the nuclear power plant accident, and the sinking was assumed to be ongoing. The SRI values measured on paved roads suggested that radioactive Cs remained on the surfaces, though a gradual infiltration was observed towards the end of the monitoring term. The SRI value is thought to be effective in grasping the rough condition of residual radioactive Cs quickly at sites of decontamination activity in the field. The SRI value may be serviceable for actual contamination works after further research is done to elucidate points such as the relation between the SRI and the infiltration of radioactive Cs in various types of objects. 相似文献
17.
Summary. An aphidiid wasp, Paralipsis eikoae, was associated with both Lasius niger and L. sakagamii attending the wormwood root aphid Sappaphis piri. An L. sakagamii worker was observed carrying a winged female P. eikoae to its nest with its mandible, but it did not kill the wasp. Once accepted by the ants, the wasp often mounted and rubbed
against the worker ants and sometimes teased them to regurgitate food to itself. No workers in the colony attacked the wasp.
Conspecific foreign workers, however, viciously attacked the wasp when encountered. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses
showed that the accepted wasp had complex cuticular hydrocarbons that were very similar to those of its host ants, whereas
the winged wasps collected outside the ant nest showed only a series of n-alkanes. Additionally, the accepted wasp had a hydrocarbon profile closer to that of its host ants than to the conspecific
foreign ants. We believe the wasp mimics ant cuticular hydrocarbons to integrate into the ant nest, acquiring the hydrocarbons
by mounting and rubbing against the ants. In contrast, the cuticular hydrocarbons of the emerged wasp contained larval and
pupal hydrocarbons of L. sakagamii that were also similar to those of L. niger. Both ant species rejected adult workers of the other species but accepted their larvae and pupae. We suggest that the emerged
P. eikoae mimics the cuticular hydrocarbons of these Lasius larvae and pupae, which allows P. eikoae to be accepted by both L. sakagamii and L. niger.
Received 11 March 1998; accepted 22 July 1998. 相似文献
18.
After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, volunteers participated in the recovery of lost photographs. This effort—which we call the Picturescue Movement—subsequently began to organise photograph restoration gatherings. We conducted field research during the gatherings in Noda, one of the tsunami-stricken areas. We have also carried out research on restoration gatherings in the city of Rikuzentakata. A comparison of findings across these two localities identifies two approaches to photograph restoration gatherings: ‘aiming’ and ‘staying'. The aiming approach, employed in Rikuzentakata, emphasises returning photographs to their owners quickly, whereas the latter approach, used in Noda, is one in which volunteers stay with survivors for some time and encourage them to recall the past at their own pace. We conclude that the staying approach is more likely than the aiming approach to promote disaster recovery among survivors. 相似文献
19.
Sasai Ryo Fujimura Takuya Uesugi Ryohei Aketo Tsuyoshi Komatsu Kohei 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):389-395
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - To cater to the increasing demand for secondary lithium-ion batteries, the recovery of valuable metal species in spent batteries is increasingly... 相似文献