物理化学法治理印染废水的研究

本文提出了两个治理印染废水的综合物化流程:(1)SE—J型絮凝剂絮凝→气浮→次氯酸钙氧化→炉渣吸附;(2)SE—型絮凝剂絮凝→气浮→活性炭吸附,并对每个处理过程进行了条件实验。实验结果表明:废水经流程(1)处理后,COD去除率达82—87%,色度去除率达88—92%,废水经流程(2)处理后,COD去除率达89—92%,色度去除率达97—98%。经两个流程处理后的出水水质分别接近或达到国家排放标准。     

农药污染环境质量评价

本文根据计算排毒系数的方法确定了主要污染源和污染物,又根据食入、饮进、呼吸等量建立了权重系统,由此而计算了中国不同农业区域的污染指数。结果表明,重污染区集中在长江、黄河流域的粮、棉产区,而且我国农业环境中BHC、DDT污染程度是向南或向北逐渐减弱。     

Integrated assessment of urban environment in China

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上海北郊大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)变化特征及来源解析

2019年1月1日到10月31日期间在上海北部郊区,采用在线气相色谱仪对58种VOCs定量检测,分析了大气VOCs组成、季节变化特征和日变化规律,并利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)估算了VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP),应用因子分析法对VOCs来源进行了解析。结果表明,上海大气总VOCs体积浓度为25.79×10-9,其中烷烃占比63.2%,烯烃占比11.6%,芳香烃占比19.8%,炔烃占比5.4%。总VOCs体积浓度呈现夏季高,秋季低的季节变化特征。大气臭氧生成潜势为76.99×10-9,烷烃贡献率为22.1%,烯烃为37.5%,芳香烃为38.7%,炔烃为1.7%。VOCs特征物比值(V(TVOC)/V(NO_x)和T/B比值)法表明观测点为VOCs控制区,受周边工业区源和交通源影响。大气VOCs主要来源为机动车排放、工厂生产、燃料燃烧、工业溶剂挥发及天然源。     

炼化装置大型机组润滑油站油雾回收系统改造

针对炼化装置机组润滑油站油雾无法回收、现场卫生差及VOCs排放超标等问题,通过对几种油雾治理方式的分析比对发现,将离心式分离法和过滤法相结合可显著降低补油量,改善现场卫生,直接减少非甲烷总烃排放量,同时也为装置创造了一定的经济效益。     

潜流型人工湿地冬季污水净化效果

冬季通过对人工湿地系统采取保温措施,可有效维持和提高湿地内的温度,改善湿地净化效果;比较了种植不同植物湿地在不同运行方式下的污染物去除率.结果表明,通过控制湿地运行方式,可增高湿地系统温度和提高溶氧(DO)水平,从而提高COD、TN和TP的去除率;当水力停留时间(HRT)为5d时,湿地出水的TN和TP去除率分别达到72.5%和58.2%.     

Impacts on wetlands of large-scale land-use changes by agricultural development: the Small Sanjiang Plain, China

The Small Sanjiang Plain (SSP), was formerly the largest wetland complex in China, located in the Northeastern part of Heilongjiang Province, China. Home to vast numbers of waterfowls, fish, and plants, the SSP is globally significant for biodiversity conservation. The loss and fragmentation of wetlands as a result agricultural development over 50 years has impacted wetland communities and their biodiversity. We used GIS to inventory large-scale land-use changes from 1950 to 2000, together with other statistical data. We found that 73.6% of the wetlands were lost due to agricultural development. Consequences of these land-use changes included: i) a rapid decline in waterfowl and plant species with the loss and fragmentation of natural wetlands and wetland ecosystem degradation; ii) greater variation in wetland water levels as the result of land-use changes over the years; iii) disruption of the dynamic river-floodplain connection by construction of drainage ditches and levees; and iv) a decrease in floodplain area that caused increased flooding peak flows and runoff. Here we show how these changes affect wetland biodiversity and impact important wetland species.     

城市下水污泥焚烧过程中二次污染物排放特性的试验研究

在0.15 MWt循环流化床燃烧试验台上进行了城市下水污泥与煤的混烧试验,分析了烟气中的二次污染物排放特性.分析结果表明,利用循环流化床焚烧城市下水污泥时,添加辅助燃料(如煤)及改变焚烧条件,不仅可以达到稳定燃烧的目的,而且有利于抑制焚烧中二次污染物(如CO及二恶英等有机污染物)的生成.分析了焚烧污泥污染物的排放特性,为采用焚烧方式处理城市下水污泥提供了基础性试验数据.     

Removal of BTEX vapor from waste gases by a trickle bed biofilter

The system performance of a trickle bed biofilter for treating single and mixed benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) vapors from waste gases was investigated under different gas flow rates and influent BTEX concentrations. When a single substrate was fed, removal efficiencies of greater than 90% could be achieved for the loads below 64 g benzene/m3/hr, 110 g toluene/m3/hr, 53 g ethylbenzene/m3/hr, and 55 g o-xylene/m3/hr. When a mixed substrate was fed, removal efficiencies of each compound could be above 90% at BTEX loads below 96 g/m3/hr. The trickle bed biofilter appears to be an effective treatment process for removing both single and mixed BTEX vapors with low to high loads. Under similar substrate loads, BTEX vapors were preferentially biodegraded in the order of toluene, benzene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene. The volumetric removal rates (elimination capacities) of BTEX vapors for a single-substrate feed were higher than those for a mixed-substrate feed under similar substrate loads; these differences were enhanced at higher substrate loads and less significant for a preferred substrate.     

Effect of adsorbents coated with titanium dioxide on the photocatalytic degradation of propoxur

Photocatalytic oxidation of pesticides in aqueous media irradiated by UV light is a rapidly growing field of research. Therefore, the treatment technology for degradation of propoxur (an insecticide) using titanium dioxide coated on the supports such as activated carbon, zeolite, brick, quartz and glass beads, was performed in this research. Results show that GAC/TiO2 is the best complexing agent for oxidizing propoxur because of its adsorption properities. The others follow the sequence: plain TiO2 > glass beads > zeolite > brick > quartz. The degradation rate of propoxur with plain TiO2 is higher than that with TiO2/GAC complexing agent. But the mineralization rate of propoxur with plain TiO2 is lower than that with TiO2/GAC complexing agent. However, it can be concluded that using GAC as the support can improve the photocatalytic efficiency.