炼油行业泄漏检测与修复技术实践研究

炼油行业排放的大气污染物主要是挥发性有机物,是形成二次污染物的重要前体物,也是引发大气环境问题的重要污染物.以天津某炼油企业泄漏检测与修复技术的工作实践为例,结合炼油行业生产装置的工艺特点,介绍在该行业开展泄漏检测与修复技术时的工作流程,包括设备和管线组件密封点位的建档、检测、泄漏点位的修复、复测以及泄漏量核算方法,对炼油行业开展泄漏检测与修复工作减少挥发性有机物无组织的排放起到借鉴作用.     

陶瓷材料放射性衰变时间及最佳平衡周期研究

简述了有关放射性样品衰变平衡及平衡时间的基本理论,运用碘化钠γ谱仪对衰变时间介于0～27 d区间内的三组陶瓷样品进行放射性比活度测定,采取t检验法分析了同一样品在0d～7d、7d～12d、15 d、21 d等不同衰变时间条件下,放射性核素226Ra、232Th、40K比活度测试结果之间的差异程度,通过实验验证陶瓷样品衰变时间对其放射性测定结果准确性的影响.研究表明,当每组检测结果数据的显著性差异水平为5％,若兼顾科学性和经济性,则陶瓷样品的最佳放射性衰变时间应为至少21 d.     

Reference gene validation for quantification of gene expression during final oocyte maturation induced by diethylstilbestrol and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in common carp

Final oocyte maturation is the key step to successful spawning and fertilization.Quantitative real-time PCR(q PCR) is the technique of election to quantify the abundance of functional genes in such study. Reference gene is essential for correct interpretation of q PCR data. However, an ideal universal reference gene that is stable under all experimental circumstances has not been described. Researchers should validate their reference genes while performing q PCR analysis. The expression of 6 candidate reference genes: 18 s r RNA,28 s r RNA, Cathepsin Z, Elongation factor 1-α, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase andβ-actin were investigated during final oocyte maturation induced by different compounds(DES and DEHP) in common carp(Cyprinus carpio). Four softwares(Bestkeeper, ge Norm,Norm Finder and Ref Finder) were used to screen the most stable gene in order to evaluate their expression stability. The results revealed that EF1α was highly stable expressed when final oocyte maturation was induced by DES, while gapdh was the most stable gene when final oocyte maturation was induced by DEHP. Stable expressed reference gene selection is critical for all q PCR analysis to get accurate target gene m RNA expression information.     

浒苔藻体叶绿素提取方法的比较

为了确定一种快速准确测定浒苔藻体叶绿素含量的方法,利用分光光度计法比较了两种不同的提取方法及4种提取剂测定叶绿素的效果,并分析了叶绿素在4种提取剂中的稳定性。结果表明:两种提取方法下4种不同提取剂的吸收光谱基本相似,可以用Arnon法的计算公式来计算叶绿素含量。其中,研磨法对浒苔叶绿素的提取效果较浸提法提取速度更快,便于快速测定藻体叶绿素含量。在4种提取剂中,采用95%乙醇提取浒苔叶绿素速度更快,但提取的总量少,稳定性低。     

磷石膏基充填料浆长距离管道输送特性研究

针对磷石膏基充填料浆在管道输送中易磨损等问题,测定了料浆的理化参数,确定了料浆流变模型,运用FLUENT软件对料浆的管道输送过程进行数值模拟,探究料浆输送过程中的压力、流速、剪切应力的分布规律,计算沿程阻力损失,并通过料浆在L型管道中的输送试验对数值模拟结果进行验证。结果表明:数值模拟结果与试验结果相差10%左右,说明利用数值模拟方法可以为矿山充填管路的设计提供依据。     

Comparison of using polyurethane foam passive samplers and tree bark samples from Western China to determine atmospheric organochlorine pesticide

Polyurethane foam(PUF)passive samplers were deployed and tree bark samples were collected at 15 sites across western China in 2013,and the organochlorine pesticide(OCP)concentrations in the samples were determined.Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its degradation products(collectively called DDTs),hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs),and hexachlorobenzene(HCB)were the dominant OCPs in the PUF samples and tree bark samples.The mean DDTs,HCHs and HCB concentrations were 33,22 and 18 ng/sample in the PUF samples,and 428,74,and 43 ng/(g lipid weight(lw))in the tree bark,respectively.The OCP concentrations in the air,calculated using PUF–air and tree-bark–air partitioning models,were of the same order of magnitude.Both sample types showed that relatively fresh inputs of DDT and HCHs to the environment have occurred in western China.Meanwhile,PUF passive samplers were compared with the use of tree bark samples as passive samplers.The OCP compositions in the PUF and tree bark samples were different.Only the relatively stable OCPs(such as HCB,β-HCH and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene(DDE))were consistent in the PUF and tree bark samples.     

In vitro evaluation of inorganic and methyl mercury mediated cytotoxic effect on neural cells derived from different animal species

To extend the current understanding of the mercury-mediated cytotoxic effect,five neural cell lines established from different animal species were comparatively analyzed using three different endpoint bioassays:thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay(MTT),neutral red uptake assay(NRU),and Coomassie blue assay(CB).Following a 24-hr exposure to selected concentrations of mercury chloride(HgCl_2) and methylmercury(Ⅱ) chloride(MeHgCl),the cytotoxic effect on test cells was characterized by comparing their 50%inhibition concentration(IC_(50)) values.Experimental results indicated that both these forms of mercury were toxic to all the neural cells,but at very different degrees.The IC_(50)values of MeHgCl among these cell lines ranged from 1.15±0.22 to 10.31 ± 0.70 μmol/L while the IC_(50) values for HgCl_2 were much higher,ranging from 6.44 ± 0.36 to 160.97±19.63 μmol/L,indicating the more toxic nature of MeHgCl.The IC_(50) ratio between HgCl_2and MeHgCl ranged from 1.75 to 96.0,which confirms that organic mercury is much more toxic to these neural cells than inorganic mercury.Among these cell lines,HGST-BR and TriG44 derived from marine sea turtles showed a significantly high tolerance to HgCl_2 as compared to the three mammalian neural cells.Among these neural cells,SK-N-SH represented the most sensitive cells to both chemical forms of mercury.     

江苏沿海台风浪数值模拟

构建CCMP再分析风场与Holland经验台风风场的叠加风场作为海浪的驱动风场,建立SWAN自嵌套模型对影响江苏沿海的典型台风"梅花"引起的台风浪过程进行模拟。在得出风场叠加方式的基础上,设计3种订正系数方案及3种权重系数方案共9种风场构建方案,分别对东中国海进行台风浪模拟并结合Jason-1卫星高度计观测的有效波高数据进行比较分析,实验结果显示各方案有效波高的相对误差最大可相差3%。选取最佳方案的模拟结果为嵌套区域提供波谱边界条件,对嵌套区域的模拟结果表明:模拟值与浮标实测资料吻合较好;台风经过江苏沿海期间,近岸海域最大波高可达5~6 m,中北部海域波浪以涌浪为主,而南部海域则以风浪为主。     

铬污染土壤的导电性、频谱激电性和介电特性的实验结果

研究了铬污染土壤的导电性、激电性和介电性,给出了在不同含水率、不同浓度铬盐污染物的情况下,铬污染土壤样品的电阻率、复电阻率和复介电常数与污染物浓度及含水率变化关系的一些实验观测结果.土样中的观测结果表明,所有污染样品的电阻率、复电阻率幅值均随污染浓度和含水率的增加而减小;但对反映土壤样品容性的复电阻率相位参数而言,则有...     

基于虚拟水的江苏省2009年水足迹分析

水足迹是基于消费基础的水资源利用情况的指示器,通过虚拟水贸易获得最大利益是水足迹分析方法的重要发展方向。在基于虚拟水计算方法的基础上对江苏省2009年水足迹进行了计算和评价,结果表明：2009年江苏省水足迹为866．75×10^8m^3,人均水足迹为1829m^3／人·年,水匮乏度为217％,水资源消费自给率为86．33％,较高的水资源自给率和水足迹给江苏省生态环境造成了巨大压力。实施虚拟水战略、改变消费模式、提高水资源利用率,已经成为缓解江苏省水资源短缺现状,实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径。