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71.
Masto R. E. Singh M. K. Rout T. K. Kumar A. Kumar S. George J. Selvi V. A. Dutta P. Tripathi R. C. Srivastava N. K. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2019,41(5):1923-1937
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Ba, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Co) were determined in the road dusts of a coal... 相似文献
72.
The effect of plant-eating by the slug, Mariaella dussimieri Gray, and by certain lepidopteran insects and their larvae was studied under field conditions, on the growth of two sympatric annual weeds, Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake and G. parviflora Cav., in pure and mixed stands. Under the influence of herbivory, both weeds generally produced a greater number of leaves, but the leaf area per plant was drastically reduced. Plant survival and seed output decreased in both weeds due to herbivory, but the effect was more severe in G. parviflora, especially in the mixed stands. Herbivory also reduced the dry matter yield and delayed flowering in G. parviflora. Relatively poor growth of G. parviflora in the mixed stand exposed to herbivory could be attributed to its preferential feeding by the slug and insects which reduced the competitive ability of this weed against G. ciliata. 相似文献
73.
The objective of the present study was to evince the long-term changes after natural revegetation and experimental revegetation of the coal mine spoils with respect to total plant biomass, available plant nutrients, nitrogen transformation and microbial biomass N (MBN) in dry tropical environment of India. Total plant biomass (above- and below-ground), plant available nitrogen, soil nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass N (MBN) were studied for 2 years in 5 and 10 years old naturally vegetated and revegetated coal mine spoils, and dry tropical forest ecosystem of India. In forest ecosystem, the above ground biomass values ranged from 3,520 to 3,630 kg ha(-1) and belowground from 6,280 to 6,560 kg ha(-1). Plant available nitrogen ranged from 16.76 to 23.21 microg g(-1), net N-mineralization from 9.8 to 48.53 microg g(-1) month(-1) and MBN from 26.4 to 80.02 microg g(-1). In naturally revegetated mine spoil, the above ground biomass values ranged from 1,036 to 1,380 kg ha(-1) and belowground from 2,538 to 3,380 kg ha(-1). Plant available nitrogen ranged from 7.33-17.14 microg g(-1), net N-mineralization from 3.1 to 12.46 microg g(-1) month(-1) and MBN from 14.2 to 35.44 microg g(-1). In revegetated mine spoil, the above ground biomass values ranged from 1,224 to 1,678 kg ha(-1) and belowground from 2,870 to 4,130 kg ha(-1). Plant available nitrogen ranged from 9.4 to 18.83 microg g(-1), net N-mineralization from 4.2 to 16.2 microg g(-1) month(-1) and MBN from 21.6 to 42.6 microg g(-1). The mean plant biomass values in 5 and 10 years mine spoils was lower compared to forest ecosystem by 2.5 and 2 times, respectively. N-mineralization value in 5 year mine spoil was 3.5 times lower and in 10 years mine spoil 2 times lower compared to forest ecosystem. The MBN value was about 2 times lower in both 5 and 10 year mine spoils compared to native forest. MBN was positively related to the re-vegetation age of the mine spoil. 相似文献
74.
Mishra VK Upadhyay AR Pandey SK Tripathi BD 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):49-58
Five heavy metals Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Hg were found in high concentration from three sampling sites located in Asia’s largest
anthropogenic lake Govind Ballabh Pant GBP Sagar. Concentrations of these heavy metals were measured in Water, bottom sediment
and in different parts of the aquatic macrophytes collected from the reservoir. Plants collected from the lake were Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla pinnata, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Potamogeton pectinatus, Marsilea quadrifolia, Pistia stratiotes, Ipomea aquqtica, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata and Aponogeton natans. These plants have shown the high concentrations of Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Hg in their different parts due to bioaccumulation.
In general plant roots exhibited higher concentrations of heavy metals than corresponding sediments. A comparison between
different morphological tissues of the sampled plants reveled the metal concentration in following order roots > leaves. Analyses
of bottom sediment indicated the higher concentrations of Cd, Mn, Cu and Pb. Strong positive correlations were obtained between
the metals in water and in plants as well as between metal in sediment and in plants. Indicating the potential of these plants
for pollution monitoring of these metals. 相似文献
75.
Cr(VI), a mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutant in industrial effluents, was effectively reduced by an indigenous tannery effluent isolate Staphylococcus arlettae strain Cr11 under aerobic conditions. The isolate could tolerate Cr(VI) up to 2000 and 5000 mg L−1 in liquid and solid media respectively. S. arlettae Cr11 effectively reduced 98% of 100 mg L−1 Cr(VI) in 24 h. Reduction for initial Cr(VI) concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg L−1 was 98% and 75%, respectively in 120 h. The isolate was also positive for siderophore, indole acetic acid, ammonia and catalase production, phosphate solubilization and biofilm formation in the presence and absence of Cr(VI). The isolate showed halotolerance (10% NaCl) and cross tolerance to other toxic heavy metals such as Hg2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+. Bacterial inoculation of Triticum aestivum in controlled petri dish and soil environment showed significant increase in percent germination, root and shoot length as well as dry and wet weight in Cr(VI) treated and untreated samples. This is the first report of simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction and plant growth promotion for a S. arlettae strain. 相似文献
76.
Microbe-induced changes in metal extractability from fly ash 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A low cost and eco-friendly technology to bioremediate toxic metals associated with fly ash dumps that contaminate ground and surface water in and around fly ash settling ponds, was investigated. The impact of augmentation of fly ash tolerant bacterial strains, isolated from Typha latifolia growing naturally on fly ash dumps, was studied for metal extractability. It was observed that most of the bacterial strains either induced the bioavailability of Fe, Zn and Ni or immobilized Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd in the fly ash. However, there were few exceptions also. In case of Ni, eight strains enhanced metal mobility, while others caused metal immobilization. The findings also suggest that metal solublization and immobilization are specific to bacterial strains. While induced bioavailability of metals by bacteria may be used to accelerate the phytoextraction of metals from fly ash by hyper accumulator plants, immobilization of metals can check their migration to water reservoirs and reduce the human suffering in affected areas. Thus, bacteria serve the dual purpose and may result in the microbe- assisted phytoremediation of contaminated sites. 相似文献
77.
A study was performed selecting one protected forest and an adjacent degraded forest ecosystem to quantify the impact of forest
degradation on soil inorganic nitrogen, fine root production, nitrification, N-mineralization and microbial biomass N. There
were marked seasonal variations of all the parameters in the upper 0–10 and lower 10–20 cm depths. The seasonal trend of net
nitrification and net N-mineralization was reverse of that for inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass N. Net nitrification,
net N-mineralization and fine root biomass values were highest in both forests during rainy season. On contrary, inorganic
nitrogen and microbial biomass N were highest during summer season.
There was a marked impact of forest degradation on inorganic nitrogen, fine root production nitrification, N-mineralization
and microbial biomass observed. Soil properties also varied with soil depth. Fine root biomass, nitrification, N-mineralization
and microbial biomass N decreased significantly in higher soil depth. Degradation causes decline in mean seasonal fine root
biomass in upper layer and in lower depth by 37% and 27%, respectively. The mean seasonal net nitrification and N-mineralization
in upper depth decreased by 42% and 37%, respectively and in lower depth by 42.21% and 39% respectively. Similarly microbial
biomass N also decreased by 31.16% in upper layer 33.19% in lower layer. 相似文献
78.
Interaction of engineered nanoparticles with various components of the environment and possible strategies for their risk assessment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nanoparticles are the materials with at least two dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. Mostly these nanoparticles are natural products but their tremendous commercial use has boosted the artificial synthesis of these particles (engineered nanoparticles). Accelerated production and use of these engineered nanoparticles may cause their release in the environment and facilitate the frequent interactions with biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystems. Despite remarkable commercial benefits, their presence in the nature may cause hazardous biological effects. Therefore, detail understanding of their sources, release interaction with environment, and possible risk assessment would provide a basis for safer use of engineered nanoparticles with minimal or no hazardous impact on environment. Keeping all these points in mind the present review provides updated information on various aspects, e.g. sources, different types, synthesis, interaction with environment, possible strategies for risk management of engineered nanoparticles. 相似文献
79.
Mandal K Kumar A Tripathi N Singh RS Chaulya SK Mishra PK Bandyopadhyay LK;Council of Scientific Industrial Research 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3427-3441
Dust from haul and transport roads are the major source of air pollution in opencast coal mining areas. Dust generated during
mining operations pollutes air which causes different health problems. Various available techniques are implemented in the
field to minimize and control dust in mining areas. However, they are not very effective because dust deposited on road surfaces
are not removed by these techniques. For effective control of dust in opencast mining areas, it has to be regularly collected
from road surfaces and may be converted into solid form, and subsequently can be used as a domestic fuel considering its physicochemical
properties. The present paper describes a comparative study of qualitative and quantitative aspects of road dust samples of
four coalfields of India. The pH of the dust was found to be in the range of 5.1–7.7. Moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed
carbon, water-holding capacity, bulk density, and specific gravity of dust samples were found to be in the range of 0.5–3.0%,
45–76%, 12.6–20.0%, 10.2–45.3%, 21.17–31.71%, 1.15–1.70, and 1.73–2.30 g cm−3, respectively. Observing the overall generation and characteristics of coal dust, it is suggested that coal dust from haul
and transport roads of mining areas can be effectively collected and used as domestic fuel. 相似文献
80.