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141.
Experiments were performed to determine the acute and chronic toxicities of tributyltin (TBT) (nominal concentrations) to polychaete Hydroides elegans. Firstly, static tests were performed to examine the lethal effect of TBT on five life stages of H. elegans. The 48-h LC(50) (95% CI) for the eggs, 2-cells, trochophores, juveniles and adults was 0.18 (0.15-0.20), 0.97 (0.77-1.23), 2.36 (2.11-2.65), 2.86 (2.63-3.12) and 4.36 (4.04-4.71) microg TBT l(-1), respectively. Secondly, a 17-d static renewal chronic test was conducted to study sensitivity of the early development (egg to juvenile) to TBT. The survivorship, percent settlement and time to reach settlement were significantly reduced at 0.01 microg TBT l(-1). Effects of TBT on the juvenile growth and maturation were also studied through a 44-d chronic test. Lower survivorship and reduced tube growth were observed only at >or= 1 microg TBT l(-1), however, only H. elegans exposed to or= 0.1 microg TBT l(-1). Our results indicate that the early development of H. elegans is highly sensitive to TBT and this polychaete can be routinely employed as a test organism for both acute and chronic ecotoxicity bioassays in tropical and subtropical regions such as southern China. 相似文献
142.
卟啉作为人体早期砷暴露生物标志的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用氢化物发生原子吸收分析了贵州省燃煤污染型砷中毒区和非砷中毒区(对照)居民尿样中砷浓度,采用高效液相色谱法分析了卟啉浓度,考察了燃煤污染造成的人体砷暴露与尿液中卟啉排泄改变的关系,寻求慢性砷中毒早期健康效应的生物标志物.结果显示,与对照组相比,砷暴露组尿卟啉Ⅲ(uroporphyrin-Ⅲ)和粪卟啉Ⅲ(coproporphyrin-Ⅲ)显著增高(P<0.01,P<0.01),粪卟啉Ⅰ(coproporphyrin-Ⅰ)比对照组增高,但不显著;不同性别组间比较,对照组和暴露组的中龄(20~40岁)群体尿液中,尿卟啉Ⅲ的浓度在男性和女性群体之间呈显著性的差异(P<0.01),其它年龄组中,这一指标在不同性别群体之间未见显著性差异;不同年龄分层比较,低龄组(<20岁)尿卟啉Ⅲ和粪卟啉Ⅲ比对照显著增高(P<0.01,P<0.01),中龄组(20~40岁)和高龄组(>40岁)粪卟啉Ⅲ比对照显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.05);此外,砷暴露组尿液中砷与总粪卟啉和总卟啉呈正相关(r=0.623,r=0.549).结果表明,人体砷暴露会导致尿液中卟啉排泄的改变,提示卟啉有可能作为慢性砷中毒早期健康效应的生物标志. 相似文献
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Burning incense to pay homage to deities is common in Chinese homes and temples. Air samples were collected and analyzed for carbonyls from a home and a temple in Hong Kong where incense burning occurs on a daily basis. Carbonyls in the air were trapped on a solid sorbent coated with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine, followed by thermal desorption and subsequent GC/MS analysis. The carbonyls identified include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, 2-furfural, benzaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal. The levels of the above carbonyls correlate with the intensity of the incense-burning activities. The total mixing ratios of the carbonyls in the temple exceed those in the ambient air outside the temple by 11-23 times. Formaldehyde is the most abundant species, contributing to approximately 55% of the total carbonyl mixing ratios in both the temple and the home environments during incense burning. The mixing ratio of formaldehyde ranges from 108 to 346 ppbv in the temple and averages 103 ppbv in the home during incense burning. These values exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline of 100 microg m(-3) (88 ppbv) for formaldehyde. The highest formaldehyde level in the temple exceeds the WHO guideline by 3 times at peak incense burning hours. The mixing ratio of acrolein in the temple ranges from 20 to 99 ppbv, approaching or exceeding the WHO air quality guideline of 50 microg m(-3) (22 ppbv) for acrolein. Our measurements indicate that incense burning significantly elevates the concentrations of a number of carbonyls, most notably formaldehyde and acrolein, in the surrounding environments. This study provides preliminary insights on indoor air quality problems created by incense burning. 相似文献
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148.
热水锅炉及其采暖系统在运行和停运期间都存在较严重的氧腐蚀,但由于主客观原因的限制,并没有引起人们的高度重视.氧腐蚀对锅炉及其采暖系统运行的安全性和经济性造成重大影响,严重时引起爆管,被迫停炉等危害.大力提倡节能减排的今天,延长锅炉的寿命,促进安全经济生产意义重大.本论文分析总结采暖锅炉目前的水质与防腐工作的现状,同时提出了对采暖锅炉今后锅炉及热力管网防腐的对策. 相似文献
149.
循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫技术近年来得到了很大的发展,它具有脱硫效率高,脱硫成本低,操作简单、无水污染等特点.本文分析概括了循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫工艺脱硫率的主要影响因素. 相似文献
150.