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31.
A total of 50 blood samples were collected from auto rickshaw drivers who were exposed to environmental gasoline in different sites of Dir (L), Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in July and August, 2009. Control group was selected among the individuals who were not regularly exposed to gasoline emissions. The samples were analyzed for calcium, cholesterol, glucose, phosphorus, potassium, and triglycerides levels. A significant increase was found in the blood levels of calcium, glucose, phosphorus, and triglycerides. A significant decrease was detected in the blood levels of potassium without any significant effect on the blood levels of cholesterol and magnesium. 相似文献
32.
Sandbars are critical to the cross-shore movement of sediment. Prediction of cross-shore sandbar volumes requires knowledge about the functional relationship of sediment transport rate conditions with waves, currents, base slope, sediment property and water depth. In this study, experiments on cross- shore sediment transport were carried out in a laboratory wave channel for initial base slopes of 1/8, 1/10 and 1/15. Using regular waves with different deep-water wave steepness generated by a pedal-type wave generator, bar volumes caused by cross-shore sediment transport are investigated for beach materials with the medium diameter of d50?=?0.25, 0.32, 0.45, 0.62 and 0.80 mm. A non-dimensional equation for sandbar volume was obtained by using linear and non-linear regression methods through the experimental data and was compared with previously developed equations in the literature. The results have shown that the experimental data fitted well to the proposed equation with respect to the previously developed equations. 相似文献
33.
Salih Katırcıoğlu Sami Fethi Demet Beton Kalmaz Dilber Çağlar 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(10):1059-1074
This study investigates the empirical relationship between energy consumption, international trade, and real income in Canada which has an important role in global energy and trade. It employs bound tests to level relationships and conditional error correction models through ARDL specification to a new version of the Solow Growth model. Using annual data of the 1960–2010 period, results reveal a long-term relationship between energy consumption, international trade, and real income in Canada. It is also found that energy exporting activity is the determinant (driver) of energy consumption through the channel of real income and energy consumption is the determinant (driver) of exports through the channel of real income in the long term of the Canadian economy. Exports and energy use are the determinants (drivers) of real income in the long term of the Canadian economy; therefore, as conditional Granger causality tests suggest there is feedback relationship between energy consumption, international trade, and real income in the long term of the Canadian economy. The present study suggests that any energy conservation policies are likely to have negative influence on output and international trade in Canada. 相似文献
34.
A model representing the predator‐prey interactions between two copepod species, Euterpina acutifrons and Temora stylifera, with unlimited resources was used to study effects of exploitation. Exploitation is modeled by harvesting strategies characterized through three parameters: the selectivity of gear, the frequency of harvest, and the intensity of harvest effort. Simulations of different harvesting strategies suggest that interactions between species influence the dynamic behaviors of the populations as well as harvesting yields. 相似文献
35.
36.
Evolutionary diversification of the broadly distributed copepod sibling species complex Eurytemora affinis has been documented in the northern hemisphere. However, the fine scale geographic distribution, levels of genetic subdivision,
evolutionary, and demographic histories of European populations have been less explored. To gain information on genetic subdivision
and to evaluate heterogeneity among European populations, we analyzed samples from 8 locations from 58° to 45°N and 0° to
23°E, using 549 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We discovered three distinct lineages
of E. affinis in Western Europe, namely the East Atlantic lineage, the North Sea/English Channel (NSEC) lineage, and the Baltic lineage.
These geographically separated lineages showed sequences divergence of 1.7–2.1%, dating back 1.9 million years (CI: 0.9–3.0
My) with no indication of isolation by distance. Genetic divergence in Europe was much lower than among North American lineages.
Interestingly, genetic structure varied distinctively among the three lineages: the East Atlantic lineage was divided between
the Gironde and the Loire populations, the NSEC lineage comprised one single population unit spanning the Seine, Scheldt and
Elbe rivers and the third lineage was restricted to the Baltic Proper (Sweden). We revealed high haplotype diversity in the
East Atlantic and the Baltic lineages, whereas in the NSEC lineage haplotype diversity was comparatively low. All three lineages
showed signs of at least one demographic expansion event during Pleistocene glaciations that marked their genetic structure.
These results provide a preliminary overview of the genetic structure of E. affinis in Europe. 相似文献
37.
Petri Tiitta Pasi Miettinen Petri Vaattovaara Jorma Joutsensaari Tuukka Petäjä Annele Virtanen Tomi Raatikainen Pasi Aalto Harri Portin Sami Romakkaniemi Harri Kokkola Kari E.J. Lehtinen Markku Kulmala Ari Laaksonen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(7):976-986
Traffic-related aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere. As they are produced at ground level, they can also cause adverse health effects to urban dwellers. However, knowledge of the formation, transformation and chemically resolved size distribution of urban ultrafine particles is incomplete. Thus, more of these measurements are needed for better assessment of ambient air quality and its potential health effects. The particle number concentration, aerosol black carbon (BC) concentration and size distribution of traffic-related aerosols were measured near two major roads in Kuopio, Finland, from 16 June to 5 July, 2004. Furthermore, the properties of roadside aerosol particles were examined with the Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer technique (TDMA). A suite of TDMA instruments relying on water (hygroscopic TDMA) and ethanol (organic TDMA) condensation as well as heating (volatility TDMA) were deployed to study the composition of the nucleation and Aitken mode particles (Dp = 10–50 nm) formed from vehicle exhaust. The results show that a simple three-component model was able to reproduce characteristic insoluble, organic and water-soluble volume fractions. Insoluble constituents were dominant in the Aitken mode particles, whereas organic compounds dominated the nucleation mode sizes. On average, only a small volume fraction was water-soluble, but a clear external mixing was observed particularly when enough time was allowed after the tail pipe emissions. The contribution of the insoluble material was seen to increase as a function of particle size, being typically less than 10% at 10 nm and between 20 and 50% at 50 nm, in contrast to the organic fraction, which decreased from about 80% at nucleation mode size range to 50–60% at 50 nm. 相似文献
38.
Ashraf Sohaib Ashraf Shoaib Ashraf Moneeb Imran Muhammad Ahmad Choudhary Zawar Ahmad Hafsa Hadiqa Tul Awais Abeer Bin Kalsoom Larab Farooq Iqra Habib Zaighum Ashraf Sidra Iqbal Qurrat Ul Ain Ghufran Muhammad Sherazi Syed Sami Hussain Akram Muhammad Kiwan Akmal Rutaba Rafique Sundas Nawaz Khawar Safdar Zartasha Siddique Uzma Nasim Hassan Muhammad Arshad Shahroze Virk Abdul Rehman Ashraf Muhammad Saboor Qazi Abdul Humayun Ayesha Izhar Mateen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):8382-8392
39.
Sami Abidli Youssef Lahbib Najoua Trigui El Menif 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):375-384
The imposex incidence and butyltin concentration i.e. tributyltin with its di- and mono-substituted metabolites were investigated in the muricid Bolinus brandaris sampled from two sites on the northern Tunisian coast (the Lagoon of Bizerta and the small Gulf of Tunis). Both populations had imposex, with stages of imposex development varying between VDS 1 and VDS 4.3. All imposex indices (imposex frequency (I %), female penis length, female vas deferens length, vas deferens sequence index, relative penis length index, and vas deferens length index) were significantly higher in snails from the Bizerta lagoon. Butyltins were detected in the whole tissues of both sexes from the two sites. TBT levels were higher in gastropods collected from the lagoon of Bizerta (12.65 ±1.48 ng Sn g???1 dw in female and 15.21 ±1.13 ng Sn g???1 dw in male) than in individuals from the Gulf of Tunis (10.71 ±1.26 ng Sn g???1 dw in female and 11.65 ±1.63 ng Sn g???1 dw in male), corroborating the data of imposex analysis. These results confirmed that B. brandaris could be used as a bioindicator species of butyltin pollution in the studied areas. In addition, this study provided baseline data that could serve for long-term monitoring of TBT pollution in Tunisia, since legislation to reduce the use of TBT-based antifouling paints has not been introduced yet. 相似文献
40.
Ahmadpour Elham Hallé Stéphane Valois Isabelle Ryan Patrick Eddy Haddad Sami Rodriguez Manuel Tardif Robert Debia Maximilien 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(13):36012-36022
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since 1995, Hery’s trichloramine sampling procedure has been widely used to determine trichloramine exposure in indoor swimming pools. This... 相似文献