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951.
Linking Multiple Accounts with GIS as Decision Support System to Resolve Forestry/Wildlife Conflicts
Sandra Brown Hans Schreier William A. Thompson Ilan Vertinsky 《Journal of environmental management》1994,42(4)
With shrinking forest resources and increasing demands for timber, conflicts between forestry and wildlife become more contentious and more frequent. New decision support methods are needed to address complex multiple land use conflicts. Multiple accounts methods linked with GIS and production models enable us to address trade-offs between timber and non-timber values, thus facilitating the evaluation and comparison of different management scenarios in a rapid and spatially referenced manner. The approach is documented in a case study in the trans-boundary zone between two national parks in British Columbia, where caribou/logging conflicts are widespread. 相似文献
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Hans Schreier Sandra Brown Margaret Schmidt Pravakar Shah Bubhan Shrestha Gopal Nakarmi Khagendra Subba Susanne Wymann 《Environmental management》1994,18(1):139-150
GIS overlay techniques were used to provide a quantitative historic documentation of deforestation and land-use dynamics in
the Middle Mountains of Nepal between 1947 and 1990. Deforestation was most critical in the 1960s, but active afforestation
programs in the 1980s have reversed the process. In spite of these trends, the degradation problem is more complex. The GIS
evaluation showed that 86% of the recently afforested land is now under pine plantations located primarily at lower elevations
and moderately steep slopes. In contrast, rainfed agricultural expansion is most pronounced on acidic soils and steeper, upper
elevation sites, suggesting marginalization of agriculture. Agricultural expansion coupled with major losses of grazing land
to pine forests are the key processes pointing towards major animal feed deficits. An alternative animal feed source is suggested
through GIS using a topographically based microclimatic classification to generate a tree-planting map where the optimum ecological
conditions for selective native fodder tree species are identified. 相似文献
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Paul Tyler Craig M. Young Emily Dolan Shawn M. Arellano Sandra D. Brooke Maria Baker 《Marine Biology》2007,150(5):829-840
The gametogenic periodicity of the cold seep mussel “Bathymodiolus” childressi was analysed from a time series of samples from depths of ∼ 650 m surrounding the Brine Pool cold seep on the continental
slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Occasional samples were retrieved from Bush Hill and GC 234 for comparison. At the Brine
Pool, both females and males showed strong reproductive periodicity with the initiation of gametogenesis from December to
March, followed by a period of gamete growth or proliferation and spawning from October to February. Gametogenesis was synchronized
at all three sites. Gametogenic periodicity appears to be correlated with surface production that peaks during the winter
months. Downward flux of detritus during this period may provide food for the planktotrophic larvae and also supplementary
nutrition for the adult, which has chemosynthetic bacterial symbionts but is also capable of filter feeding. Individuals in
all three populations carried parasites and these were especially common at Bush Hill and GC234, where it is suggested they
have a major impact on reproductive output. 相似文献
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Patterns of nine intracellular free amino acids (FAA), which are utilized as organic osmolytes for salinity-induced cell volume regulation in marine osmoconformers, were compared in five Macoma balthica populations and seven Mytilus spp. populations along their European distribution. Three types of FAA patterns were classified within both taxa: a northern Baltic type, a southern Baltic type and an Atlantic/Mediterranean type which mainly differ regarding the share of alanine and taurine. Differences are discussed in relation to habitat salinity and population genetics. Along a salinity gradient, the total size of the intracellular FAA pool did not differ between sympatric M. balthica and Mytilus spp., and was significantly correlated with habitat osmolality in a range from 70 to 600 mmol kg−1 H2O (oligohaline to mesohaline) in both bivalves. In M. balthica, this correlation was mainly based on significant correlations of alanine (15–100 mmol kg−1 DW), glycine (30–100 mmol kg−1 DW) and taurine (0–70 mmol kg−1 DW) with habitat osmolality. In Mytilus spp., only glycine (25–100 mmol kg−1 DW) and taurine (4–180 mmol kg−1 DW) were significantly correlated with habitat osmolality. The concentration of alanine was three times lower in Mytilus spp. than in M. balthica and did not correlate with habitat osmolality. Within a habitat osmolality range from 600 to 1,100 mmol kg−1 H2O (mesohaline to marine) the concentration of FAA remained constant in both taxa. It is suggested that under marine conditions additional organic osmolytes must become more important for cell volume regulation in Macoma and Mytilus. 相似文献
959.
Bloomfield Janine Ratchford Marina Brown Sandra 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(1):3-8
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - 相似文献
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