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461.
David H. Kingsley Kevin Calci Sheila Holliman Brooke Dancho George Flick 《Food and environmental virology》2009,1(3-4):137-140
High pressure inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) within oysters bioaccumulated under simulated natural conditions to levels >105 PFU/oyster has been evaluated. Five minute treatments at 20°C were administered at 350, 375, and 400 MegaPascals (MPa). Shucked and whole-in-shell oysters were directly compared to determine if there were any differences in inactivation levels. For whole-in-shell oysters and shucked oysters, average values obtained were 2.56 and 2.96 log10 inactivation of HAV, respectively, after a 400-MPa treatment. Results indicate that there is no significant inactivation difference (P = 0.05) between inactivation for whole-in-shell oysters as compared to shucked oysters observed for all pressure treatments. This study indicates that commercial high pressure processing applied to whole-in-shell oysters will be capable of inactivating HAV pathogens. 相似文献
462.
Reyes-Márquez Alejandra Aguíñiga-García Sergio Morales-García Sandra Soledad Sedeño-Díaz Jacinto Elías López-López Eugenia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61643-61661
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trophic transfer and bioaccumulation of trace metals have a profound impact on the structure and function of coastal areas; however, the metal... 相似文献
463.
Tina L. Cheng Jonathan D. Reichard Jeremy T. H. Coleman Theodore J. Weller Wayne E. Thogmartin Brian E. Reichert Alyssa B. Bennett Hugh G. Broders Joshua Campbell Katherine Etchison Daniel J. Feller Richard Geboy Traci Hemberger Carl Herzog Alan C. Hicks Sandra Houghton Jessica Humber Joseph A. Kath R. Andrew King Susan C. Loeb Ariane Massé Katrina M. Morris Holly Niederriter Gerda Nordquist Roger W. Perry Richard J. Reynolds D. Blake Sasse Michael R. Scafini Richard C. Stark Craig W. Stihler Steven C. Thomas Gregory G. Turner Shevenell Webb Bradford J. Westrich Winifred F. Frick 《Conservation biology》2021,35(5):1586-1597
Assessing the scope and severity of threats is necessary for evaluating impacts on populations to inform conservation planning. Quantitative threat assessment often requires monitoring programs that provide reliable data over relevant spatial and temporal scales, yet such programs can be difficult to justify until there is an apparent stressor. Leveraging efforts of wildlife management agencies to record winter counts of hibernating bats, we collated data for 5 species from over 200 sites across 27 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces from 1995 to 2018 to determine the impact of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a deadly disease of hibernating bats. We estimated declines of winter counts of bat colonies at sites where the invasive fungus that causes WNS (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) had been detected to assess the threat impact of WNS. Three species undergoing species status assessment by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Myotis septentrionalis, Myotis lucifugus, and Perimyotis subflavus) declined by more than 90%, which warrants classifying the severity of the WNS threat as extreme based on criteria used by NatureServe. The scope of the WNS threat as defined by NatureServe criteria was large (36% of Myotis lucifugus range) to pervasive (79% of Myotis septentrionalis range) for these species. Declines for 2 other species (Myotis sodalis and Eptesicus fuscus) were less severe but still qualified as moderate to serious based on NatureServe criteria. Data-sharing across jurisdictions provided a comprehensive evaluation of scope and severity of the threat of WNS and indicated regional differences that can inform response efforts at international, national, and state or provincial jurisdictions. We assessed the threat impact of an emerging infectious disease by uniting monitoring efforts across jurisdictional boundaries and demonstrated the importance of coordinated monitoring programs, such as the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat), for data-driven conservation assessments and planning. 相似文献
464.
Analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air samples from Northwest Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barber JL Berger U Chaemfa C Huber S Jahnke A Temme C Jones KC 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(6):530-541
Air samples were collected from 4 field sites in Europe: 2 sites from the UK, Hazelrigg (semi-rural) and Manchester (urban); 1 site from Ireland: Mace Head (rural); and 1 site from Norway: Kjeller (rural). Additionally, air samples were taken from indoor locations in Troms?, Norway. Air samples were collected using high-volume air samplers employing sampling modules containing glass-fibre filters (GFFs, particle phase), and glass columns with a polyurethane foam (PUF)-XAD-2-PUF sandwich (gaseous phase). Typical outdoor air volumes required for the determination of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) ranged from 500-1800 m3. GFFs and PUF-XAD columns were analysed separately to obtain information on phase partitioning. All air samples were analysed for volatile, neutral PFAS, with selected GFF samples halved for analysis of both neutral and airborne particle-bound ionic PFAS. Volatile PFAS were extracted from air samples by cold-column immersion with ethyl acetate, and were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the positive chemical ionisation mode (GC-PCI-MS). Ionic PFAS were extracted from GFFs by sonication in methanol, and were analysed by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) using electrospray ionisation in the negative ion mode (ESI-). Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was often the predominant analyte found in the particulate phase at concentrations ranging from 1-818 pg m(-3), and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) and 6:2 FTOH were the prevailing analytes found in the gas phase, at 5-243 pg m(-3) and 5-189 pg m(-3), respectively. These three PFAS were ubiquitous in air samples. Many other PFAS, both neutral and ionic, were also present, and levels of individual analytes were in the 1-125 pg m(-3) range. Levels of some PFAS exceeded those of traditional persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, the presence of 12:2 FTOH and fluorotelomer olefins (FTolefins), and ionic PFAS other than perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFOA, are reported in air samples for the first time. Concentrations of neutral PFAS were several orders of magnitude higher in indoor air than outdoor air, making homes a likely important diffuse source of PFAS to the atmosphere. Our repeated findings of non-volatile ionic PFAS in air samples raises the possibility that they might directly undergo significant atmospheric transport on particles away from source regions, and more atmospheric measurements of ionic PFAS are strongly recommended. 相似文献
465.
Rogora Michela Steingruber Sandra Marchetto Aldo Mosello Rosario Giacomotti Paola Orru’ Arianna Tartari Gabriele A. Tiberti Rocco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):62312-62329
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on deposition and surface water chemistry were investigated in an area south of the Alps. Long-term data provided... 相似文献
466.
Almeida Aleska Kaufmann de Almeida Isabel Kaufmann Guarienti José Antonio Gabas Sandra Garcia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):8173-8173
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
467.
Brooke A. Williams James E.M. Watson Hawthorne L. Beyer Carissa J. Klein Jamie Montgomery Rebecca K. Runting Leslie A. Roberson Benjamin S. Halpern Hedley S. Grantham Caitlin D. Kuempel Melanie Frazier Oscar Venter Amelia Wenger 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13874
Management of the land–sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity and the livelihood of billions of people. However, assessments of coastal regions have focused strictly on either the terrestrial or marine realm. Consequently, understanding of the overall state of Earth's coastal regions is poor. We integrated the terrestrial human footprint and marine cumulative human impact maps in a global assessment of the anthropogenic pressures affecting coastal regions. Of coastal regions globally, 15.5% had low anthropogenic pressure, mostly in Canada, Russia, and Greenland. Conversely, 47.9% of coastal regions were heavily affected by humanity, and in most countries (84.1%) >50% of their coastal regions were degraded. Nearly half (43.3%) of protected areas across coastal regions were exposed to high human pressures. To meet global sustainability objectives, all nations must undertake greater actions to preserve and restore the coastal regions within their borders. 相似文献