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621.
Brose U Jonsson T Berlow EL Warren P Banasek-Richter C Bersier LF Blanchard JL Brey T Carpenter SR Blandenier MF Cushing L Dawah HA Dell T Edwards F Harper-Smith S Jacob U Ledger ME Martinez ND Memmott J Mintenbeck K Pinnegar JK Rall BC Rayner TS Reuman DC Ruess L Ulrich W Williams RJ Woodward G Cohen JE 《Ecology》2006,87(10):2411-2417
It has been suggested that differences in body size between consumer and resource species may have important implications for interaction strengths, population dynamics, and eventually food web structure, function, and evolution. Still, the general distribution of consumer-'resource body-size ratios in real ecosystems, and whether they vary systematically among habitats or broad taxonomic groups, is poorly understood. Using a unique global database on consumer and resource body sizes, we show that the mean body-size ratios of aquatic herbivorous and detritivorous consumers are several orders of magnitude larger than those of carnivorous predators. Carnivorous predator-prey body-size ratios vary across different habitats and predator and prey types (invertebrates, ectotherm, and endotherm vertebrates). Predator-prey body-size ratios are on average significantly higher (1) in freshwater habitats than in marine or terrestrial habitats, (2) for vertebrate than for invertebrate predators, and (3) for invertebrate than for ectotherm vertebrate prey. If recent studies that relate body-size ratios to interaction strengths are general, our results suggest that mean consumer-resource interaction strengths may vary systematically across different habitat categories and consumer types. 相似文献
622.
Matthew J. Selinske Sarah A. Bekessy William L. Geary Richard Faulkner Fern Hames Charlotte Fletcher Zoe E. Squires Georgia E. Garrard 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13845
Biodiversity loss is driven by human behavior, but there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of behavior-change programs in delivering benefits to biodiversity. To demonstrate their value, the biodiversity benefits and cost-effectiveness of behavior changes that directly or indirectly affect biodiversity need to be quantified. We adapted a structured decision-making prioritization tool to determine the potential biodiversity benefits of behavior changes. As a case study, we examined two hypothetical behavior-change programs––wildlife gardening and cat containment––by asking experts to consider the behaviors associated with these programs that directly and indirectly affect biodiversity. We assessed benefits to southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) and superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus) by eliciting from experts estimates of the probability of each species persisting in the landscape given a range of behavior-change scenarios in which uptake of the behaviors varied. We then compared these estimates to a business-as-usual scenario to determine the relative biodiversity benefit and cost-effectiveness of each scenario. Experts projected that the behavior-change programs would benefit biodiversity and that benefits would rise with increasing uptake of the target behaviors. Biodiversity benefits were also predicted to accrue through indirect behaviors, although experts disagreed about the magnitude of additional benefit provided. Scenarios that combined the two behavior-change programs were estimated to provide the greatest benefits to species and be most cost-effective. Our method could be used in other contexts and potentially at different scales and advances the use of prioritization tools to guide conservation behavior-change programs. 相似文献
623.
Abdul-Hamid Manal Abdel-Reheim Eman Salah Hegazy Walaa Allam Ahmed Othman Sarah I. Alwaele Maha Abdulla Abdel-Kawi Samraa Hussein 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(31):46802-46802
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献