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41.
Makris KC Shakya KM Datta R Sarkar D Pachanoor D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(1):101-106
The efficiency of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) in removing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from aqueous media was explored in the presence of a common agrochemical, urea, used as a chaotropic agent. Chaotropic agents disrupt water structure, increasing solubilization of hydrophobic compounds (TNT), thus, enhancing plant TNT uptake. The primary objectives of this study were to: (i) characterize TNT absorption by vetiver in hydroponic media, and (ii) determine the effect of urea on chemically catalyzing TNT uptake by vetiver grass in hydroponic media. Results showed that vetiver exhibited a high TNT uptake capacity (1.026 mgg(-1)), but kinetics were slow. Uptake was considerably enhanced in the presence of urea, which significantly (p<0.001) increased the 2nd-order reaction rate constant over that of the untreated (no urea) control. Three major TNT metabolites were detected in the roots, but not in the shoot, namely 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 4-amino 2,6-dinitrotoluene, and 2-amino 4,6-dinitrotoluene, indicating TNT degradation by vetiver grass. 相似文献
42.
Ghosh Argha Nanda Manoj K. Sarkar Debolina 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(9):10829-10851
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The present study was conducted to analyze cropping intensity of four blocks (Mogra-Chinsurah, Polba-Dadpur, Singur and Haripal) of the Gangetic... 相似文献
43.
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The study has focused on portraying the spatio-temporal changes in land use pattern from 2011 to 2019 and has tried to assess the environmental quality... 相似文献
44.
45.
A laboratory incubation study was conducted to estimate geochemical speciation and in vitro bioavailability of arsenic as a function of soil properties. Two chemically-variant soil types were chosen, based on their potential differences with respect to arsenic reactivity: an acid sand with minimal arsenic retention capacity and a sandy loam with relatively high concentration of amorphous Fe/Al-oxides, considered a sink for arsenic. The soils were amended with dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) at three rates: 45, 225, and 450 mg/kg. A sequential extraction scheme was employed to identify the geochemical forms of arsenic in soils, which were correlated with the "in vitro" bioavailable fractions of arsenic to identify the most bioavailable species. Arsenic bioavailability and speciation studies were done at 0 time (immediately after spiking the soils with pesticide) and after four-months incubation. Results show that soil properties greatly impact geochemical speciation and bioavailability of DMA; soils with high concentrations of amorphous Fe/Al oxides retain more arsenic, thereby rendering them less bioavailable. Results also indicate that the use of organic arsenicals as pesticides in mineral soils may not be a safe practice from the viewpoint of human health risk. 相似文献
46.
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are under pressure to adopt sustainable practices in their business due to increasing environmental challenges. This study aims to identify and prioritize the solutions to overcome the barriers in the implementation of ecodesign practices in SMEs. This study helps the companies to develop and implement the strategies on priority using higher ranked solutions. In this study, a framework is proposed that is based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to rank the solutions that overcome the barriers in ecodesign implementation in SMEs. The proposed framework is illustrated by conducting a case study of an Indian ring and piston manufacturing company. This framework provides an effective support in the decision-making of the company for producing eco-friendly products through the implementation of ecodesign practices. Results of this study emphasize that training of designers to use different ecodesign tools is an essential practice for SMEs. 相似文献
47.
G. Narvenkar S. W. A. Naqvi S. Kurian D. M. Shenoy A. K. Pratihary H. Naik S. Patil A. Sarkar M. Gauns 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(8):6989-6999
Emission of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, from tropical reservoirs is of interest because such reservoirs experience conducive conditions for CH4 production through anaerobic microbial activities. It has been suggested that Indian reservoirs have the potential to emit as much as 33.5 MT of CH4 per annum to the atmosphere. However, this estimate is based on assumptions rather than actual measurements. We present here the first data on dissolved CH4 concentrations from eight freshwater reservoirs in India, most of which experience seasonal anaerobic conditions and CH4 buildup in the hypolimnia. However, strong stratification prevents the CH4-rich subsurface layers to ventilate CH4 directly to the atmosphere, and surface water CH4 concentrations in these reservoirs are generally quite low (0.0028–0.305 μM). Moreover, only in two small reservoirs substantial CH4 accumulation occurred at depths shallower than the level where water is used for power generation and irrigation, and in the only case where measurements were made in the outflowing water, CH4 concentrations were quite low. In conjunction with short periods of CH4 accumulation and generally lower concentrations than previously assumed, our study implies that CH4 emission from Indian reservoirs has been greatly overestimated. 相似文献
48.
Biodiversity,ecohydrology, threat status and conservation priority of the freshwater fishes of river Gomti,a tributary of river Ganga (India) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Extensive surveys were conducted to explore the diversity of fishes, distribution patterns, abundance, threat, and habitat
status in the upper, middle, and lower stretch of river Gomti, a tributary of river Ganga. Altogether 56 fish species belonging
to 20 families and 42 genera were collected from various sampling sites. Of the 56 species, five belong to the ‘endangered’
(EN) category and 11 belong to the vulnerable (VU) category. Six major categories of habitat were identified and pattern of
fish assemblage and dominant genera in each habitat studied. Considerable differences were observed in the fish species richness
and relative abundance (RA) of the species in the different sampling sites of river Gomti. Shannon–Wiener biodiversity index
has been calculated for the fishes indicating considerable variation (p < 0.05) across the river. Apart from Indian Major Carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala), Chitala chitala, Notopterus notopterus, Ompok pabda, O. bimaculatus, Labeo bata, L. calbasu, Cirrhinus reba, Channa marulius, Bagarius bagarius, and Clupisoma garua were the important species. All the species have been reported for the first time in this river. Indiscriminate catch, poisoning,
using of fine mesh sized nets, dumping of sewage, siltation, water abstraction, changing land use pattern, decreased water
discharge, and exotic species threaten the fish diversity. Urgent need exists for taking up research on the priority fish
species and their habitat. Restoration measures have been proposed based on ecosystem scale approach for fish biodiversity
conservation. 相似文献
49.
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The subtle variations of the turbulent shear stress affect the entrainment of bed sediments into the flow as well as sediment transport around submerged... 相似文献
50.
Preetam Sarkar Ruplal Choudhary Shubham Panigrahi Irshaan Syed S Sivapratha Chanda Vilas Dhumal 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2017,15(4):607-622
Creation of food-based nanomaterials for food processing and packaging applications is actually gaining in importance. Indeed, the design of a suitable food carrier system controls the encapsulation efficiency, the product stability and release of bioactives such as micronutrients, antimicrobial compounds and antioxidants. The smaller size of nanomaterials provides higher thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Whereas the higher surface area enhances compound solubility. Nanoemulsions both encapsulate bioactive compounds effectively and address the food safety concerns of the fresh produce associated with foodborne pathogens. Nanoliposomes encapsulate bioactive whey peptides and fat-soluble vitamins with improved functionalities. Encapsulated bioactive molecules are released by diffusion into the surrounding environment after degradation of the surrounding polymeric matrix. 相似文献