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61.
珠江口沉积物重金属污染及其潜在生态危害评价 总被引:74,自引:3,他引:74
对珠江口表层沉积物中重金属的分布及富集状况进行了分析 ,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害程度进行了评价。结果表明 :珠江口表层沉积物中Zn、Cr、Cu、Cd等重金属含量呈现由西北渐向东南递减的变化特点 ,而Pb、As、Hg等重金属元素的含量分布无明显规律 ;这些重金属中 ,以Hg的富集程度最高 ,其余元素的富集均较低。生态危害评价显示 ,除Hg属中等危害程度外 ,其余的重金属元素均属轻微危害程度 ;珠江口表层沉积物中主要重金属污染程度的顺序为Hg >Cd >Pb >Cu >As>Cr>Zn。 相似文献
62.
近年来以细颗粒物PM2.5为代表的大气污染已给人体健康带来严重风险.基于PM2.5遥感反演数据和人口格网分布数据,测度关中地区人口暴露于PM2.5的风险程度,并采用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验和空间自相关分析等方法,探索2000~2016年关中地区PM2.5及人口暴露风险的时空演化过程.结果表明:①2006、2007和2013年关中地区污染重且范围广,这3 a在40%以上区域PM2.5年均质量浓度超过了35 μg·m-3的限值,2000~2016年关中地区PM2.5空间分布范围不断扩大,形成了自中部向东北部的连续带状集中分布区;②2000~2016年,关中地区几乎每年都有超过60%的人口暴露在PM2.5年均35 μg·m-3质量浓度限值以上,且人口暴露风险不断加剧,尤其是2011年后,人口暴露的高风险区范围持续增加;③2000~2016年关中地区PM2.5人口暴露风险格局大体相似,较高等级以上风险区主要集中在关中地区中部,东西方向上形成连续的带状分布区,高值区集中在几个主要城市的中心城区,低值区则主要分布在关中地区周边广大区域. 相似文献
63.
Sen Dong Peng Gao Benhang Li Li Feng Yongze Liu Ziwen Du Liqiu Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(11):142
64.
In order to investigate the enzyme transformation of PBDEs and to track the key enzymes involved in PBDE degradation in plants, in vivo exposure of plants of ryegrass, pumpkin and maize and in vitro exposure of their root crude enzyme extracts to PBDEs were conducted. Degradation of PBDEs in the root crude enzyme solutions fit well with the first order kinetics (R2 = 0.52–0.97, P < 0.05), and higher PBDEs degraded faster than the lower ones. PBDEs could be transformed to lower brominated PBDEs and hydroxylated-PBDEs by the root crude enzyme extracts with debromination as the main pathway which contributed over 90% of PBDE depletion. In vitro and in vivo exposure to PBDEs produced similar responses in root enzyme activities of which the nitroreductase (NaR) and glutathione-transferase (GST) activities decreased significantly, while the peroxidase, catalase and cytochrome P-450 activities had no significant changes. Furthermore, higher enzyme concentrations of NaR and GST led to higher PBDE debromination rates, and the time-dependent activities of NaR and GST in the root crude enzyme extracts were similar to the trends of PBDE depletion. All these results suggest that NaR and GST were the key enzymes responsible for PBDE degradation. This conclusion was further confirmed by the in vitro debromination of PBDEs with the commercial pure NaR and GST. 相似文献
65.
采用悬挂链曝气式接触氧化工艺在3个时段内处理城市河道污水,通过采用磷脂法、TTC-脱氢酶活性法和MPN法研究载体表面生物膜特性,来验证装置的水质净化效果。结果表明,进水水质变化幅度较大的时段1内,水质对缺氧区和好氧区内生物膜量及活性有很大冲击,对污染物的去除效果影响不大,COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到75.9%、80.8%、64.6%和78.3%;进水水质稳定的时段2内,缺氧区和好氧区内生物膜量和活性要高于其他时段,COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到77.0%、80.6%、69.4%和55.3%;低温运行的时段3内,缺氧区和好氧区内生物膜量和活性都低于其他时段,水质净化效果明显下降,COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为71.1%、68.5%、48.9%和46.6%。 相似文献
66.
67.
Paul H P Yeow Rabindra Nath Sen 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2004,10(4):369-385
An ergonomics improvement study was conducted on the visual inspection process of a printed circuit assembly (PCA) factory. The process was studied through subjective assessment and direct observation. Three problems were identified: operators' eye problems, insufficient time for inspection and ineffective visual inspection. These problems caused a huge yearly rejection cost of US 298,240 dollars, poor quality, customer dissatisfaction and poor occupational health and safety. Ergonomics interventions were made to rectify the problems: reduced usage of a magnifying glass, the use of less glaring inspection templates, inspection of only electrically non-tested components and introduction of a visual inspection sequence. The interventions produced savings in rejection cost, reduced operators' eye strain, headaches and watery eyes, lowered the defect percentage at customers' sites and increased the factory's productivity and customer satisfaction. 相似文献
68.
69.
Sen S Mukherji S 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2004,25(2):181-185
Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient for plant growth. Plants exhibit numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations in response to seasonal variations in phosphorus content. Activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, ATPase and ATP content were studied in summer, rainy and winter seasons at two different developmental stages (28 and 58 days after sowing) in Okra. Activities of both acid and alkaline phosphatases increased manifold in winter to cope up with low phosphorus content. ATP content and ATPase activity were high in summer signifying an active metabolic period. Phosphorus deficiency is characterized by low ATP content and ATPase activity (which are in turn partly responsible for a drastic reduction in growth and yield) and enhanced activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases which increase the availability of P in P-deficient seasons. 相似文献
70.