铁岭市城市交通噪声测点优化的研究

通过在48条交通路段进行布点监测,监测数据采用模糊聚类分析的方法,优化出切合实际的铁岭市城市交通噪声的测点.     

粉煤灰基质滤料处理含锰废水的研究

通过静态吸附试验研究了粉煤灰基质滤料对废水中Mn2+的吸附性能,主要探讨了滤料投加量、吸附时间、原水浓度、振荡频率等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:随着投加量增加,Mn2+去除率提高,单位吸附量线性下降;随着吸附时间延长,Mn2+去除率提高,超过80 min后提高幅度变缓,吸附过程符合二级动力学模型;振荡频率的增大对吸附有一定的促进作用,但超过200 r/min后提高不明显。     

试论海南省周边海岛开发利用存在的问题和对策

海南省周边海岛资源丰富,开发前景广阔,但海岛生态系统也极其脆弱,抵抗外来的干扰能力很差,一旦破坏很难恢复。同样海岛开发也面临诸多问题,主要包括海岛管理、海岛生态环境、海岛开发利用、海岛自然灾害和国防安全五个方面问题。本文通过对海南省海岛的利用现状、存在的问题进行综合分析,最后提出了海岛开发对策,为保护和合理开发利用海岛资源,促进海洋经济强省建设,助推海南省国际旅游岛建设都具有非常积极意义。     

基于模糊综合评价法的城市生态环境质量综合评价——以大连市为例

论文针对城市快速发展过程中的生态环境问题,在查阅大量国内外相关文献,结合实地调研的基础上,对城市生态环境现状和问题进行了分析。运用可持续发展理论和生态经济学原理,从白然、社会、经济的角度,选取了20个单项指标,构建了大连生态环境质量评价指标体系,采用专家打分法、层次分析法和模糊综合评判法构建出城市生态环境质量评价的模型。并对大连市的生态环境质量进行了实证研究,定量地对大连的生态环境进行了综合评价。通过MapInfo软件生成大连市生态环境质量空间分布图。结论为全市生态环境质量总体保持优良,中心城区、长海县生态环境质量为优,金州区、旅顺口区、瓦房店市、庄河市为良,普兰店市为中。     

土壤及固体废弃物中有机磷农药残留分析方法研究

有机磷农药是继有机氯农药以后被广泛应用的一类农药,它对生物体具有一定毒性,因此对有机磷农药的充分提取及检测就密切关系到人们的饮食安全。传统提取底质中有机磷的方法为索式提取或者采用有机溶剂对土壤直接萃取,而本文采用亲水溶剂对土壤进行萃取,并通过固相萃取技术对其进一步纯化,气相色谱-质谱法检测,对多种有机磷农药的分离度较好。     

人工湿地污水处理系统中氧化亚氮的释放规律研究

利用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了潜流和表面流人工湿地系统中N2O的释放规律和相关的氨氧化细菌.结果表明,潜流和表面流人工湿地的N2O平均通量分别为296.5μg.(m2.h)-1和28.2μg.(m2.h)-1,总体上均表现为大气N2O的排放源,前者的N2O平均释放通量高于农田、森林、草原和沼泽湿地等生态系统,潜流方式促进了N2O的释放.潜流和表面流人工湿地N2O通量有较大的月份差异和明显的日变化特征,最高值出现在7月,分别为(762.9±239.3)μg.(m2.h)-1和(91.9±20.3)μg.(m2.h)-1,一天中的极大值和极小值分别出现在中午和凌晨.温度和芦苇的生长情况对N2O通量有一定的影响.人工湿地系统进水端,较高浓度的污水和充足的碳、氮源,促进了硝化和反硝化过程,使得N2O通量均高于出水端.克隆结果表明,人工湿地污水处理系统中与N2O产生相关的氨氧化细菌主要为Nitrosomonas和Nitrosospira.     

汶川Ms8．0地震地质灾害发育特征及诱发因素分析——以北川县为例

地面破坏效应强烈和地震地质灾害严重是汶川Ms8．0地震震害效应的显著特点。地震地质灾害的分布与地震断层的分布密切相关,同时还受自然地理、地层岩性、地质构造和人类活动的影响和控制。论文结合北川县场地条件的分析,对汶川Ms8．0地震中北川县地震地质灾害的发育特征、形成条件及诱发因素进行了系统总结。地震地质灾害分布与地震断层的关系表明地震对次生地质灾害起到了主要的控制与触发作用。     

Total pollution effect of urban surface runoff

For pollution research with regard to urban surface runo , most sampling strategies to date have focused on di erences in land usage. With single land-use sampling, total surface runo pollution e ect cannot be evaluated unless every land usage spot is monitored. Through a new sampling strategy known as mixed stormwater sampling for a street community at discharge outlet adjacent to river, this study assessed the total urban surface runo pollution e ect caused by a variety of land uses and the pollutants washed o from the rain pipe system in the Futian River watershed in Shenzhen City of China. The water quality monitoring indices were COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspend solid), TP (total phosphorus), TN (total nitrogen) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand). The sums of total pollution loads discharged into the river for the four indices of COD, TSS, TN, and TP over all seven rainfall events were very di erent. The mathematical model for simulating total pollution loads was established from discharge outlet mixed stormwater sampling of total pollution loads on the basis of four parameters: rainfall intensity, total land area, impervious land area, and pervious land area. In order to treat surface runo pollution, the values of MFF30 (mass first flush ratio) and FF30 (first 30% of runo volume) can be considered as split-flow control criteria to obtain more e ective and economical design of structural BMPs (best management practices) facilities.     

Seasonal variation of potential denitrification rates of surface sediment from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China

The regulatory effects of environmental factors on denitrification were studied in the sediments of Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, in a monthly sampling campaign over a one-year period. Denitrification rates were measured in slurries of field samples and enrichment experiments using the acetylene inhibition technique. Sediment denitrification rates in inner bay and outer bay ranged from 2.8 to 51.5 nmol N2/(g dw (dry weight)·hr) and from 1.5 to 81.1 nmol N2/(g dw·hr), respectively. Sediment denitrification rates were greatest in the spring and lowest in the summer and early autumn, due primarily to seasonal differences in nitrate concentration and water temperature. For each site, positive and linear relationships were regularly observed between denitrification rate and water columnn itrate concentration. Of various environmental factors on denitrification that we assessed, nitrate was determined to be the key factor limiting denitrification rates in the sediments of Meiliang Bay. In addition, at the two sites denitrification rates were also regulated by temperature. The addition of organic substrates had no significant effect on denitrification rate, indicating that sediment denitrification was not limited by organic carbon availability in the sediments. Nitrate in the water column was depleted during summer and early autumn, and this suppressed effective removal of nitrogen from Taihu Lake by denitrification.     

几种复合载体材料固定化活性污泥的性能及在废水中的应用

制备了几种复合载体材料固定化活性污泥小球,比较了固定化活性污泥的性能及对废水COD的去除率。结果表明,固定化活性污泥比游离态的活性污泥对废水COD的去除率高,其中藻酸钠复合活性炭及壳聚糖复合硅藻土固定化活性污泥对废水COD的去除率较好,当取代度为1.54的羧甲基壳聚糖复合硅藻土固定化活性污泥,废水COD去除率最大4,8 h去除率可达61.2%。