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Climate warming can substantially impact embryonic development and juvenile growth in oviparous species. Estimating the overall impacts of climate warming on oviparous reproduction is difficult because egg-laying events happen throughout the reproductive season. Successful egg laying requires the completion of embryonic development as well as hatching timing conducive to offspring survival and energy accumulation. We propose a new metric—egg-laying opportunity (EO)—to estimate the annual hours during which a clutch of freshly laid eggs yields surviving offspring that store sufficient energy for overwintering. We estimated the EO within the distribution of a model species, Sceloporus undulatus, under recent climate condition and a climate-warming scenario by combining microclimate data, developmental functions, and biophysical models. We predicted that EO will decline as the climate warms at 74.8% of 11,407 sites. Decreasing hatching success and offspring energy accounted for more lost EO hours (72.6% and 72.9%) than the occurrence of offspring heat stress (59.9%). Nesting deeper (at a depth of 12 cm) may be a more effective behavioral adjustment for retaining EO than using shadier (50% shade) nests because the former fully mitigated the decline of EO under the considered warming scenario at more sites (66.1%) than the latter (28.3%). We advocate for the use of EO in predicting the impacts of climate warming on oviparous animals because it encapsulates the integrative impacts of climate warming on all stages of reproductive life history. 相似文献
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以初步驯化后的絮状污泥作为内循环(IC)反应器的接种污泥,厌氧处理甲醇制烯烃(MTO)废水(COD大于50 000 mg/L、TOC大于10 000 mg/L),以高负荷、高进水浓度方式培养颗粒污泥,考察了反应器运行过程中废水处理效果及污泥性状的变化情况。实验结果表明:IC反应器的进水COD容积负荷可达29.0 kg/(m~3·d),COD和TOC去除率可稳定在96%以上;在污泥培养阶段,废水升流速率宜采用0.4~0.6 m/h;在颗粒污泥未成熟时废水升流速率不宜提高过快,而在颗粒污泥成熟后,废水升流速率可在一定范围内快速提高。 相似文献
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通过微涡旋絮凝逆流气浮-纳滤集成工艺的动态试验研究,确定其运行周期为72 h,能很好地去除水中腐殖酸有机物,但不同纳滤膜组成的集成工艺处理效果不同.采用PACl絮凝剂处理水样2时,以流程1运行的含TQ56-36FC型纳滤膜的集成工艺出水的高锰酸盐指数为0.45 mg/L,UV254nm在0.003 3左右波动,且有95%以上的脱盐率.以流程2运行的含M-N1812A型纳滤膜的集成工艺处理3种水样时的膜清水的高锰酸盐指数在0.75 mg/L左右波动,UV254nm大都远小于0.007 5,有时甚至为0.水样1和水样3的UV254nm平均值为0.005 4,水样2的最低,平均值为0.003 3,脱盐率只有6%~10%.以PACl为絮凝剂时,集成系统有较强的适应原水水质变化的能力.预处理中活性炭柱的存在提高了M-N1812A型纳滤膜清水样的水质,但并没有延长膜的使用周期.这也表明膜的污染更重要的是来自无机物的污染. 相似文献
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介绍了声屏障顶部结构衍射的评价标准和计算方法。给出了具有T型、橄榄型、弧型、L型等4种不同顶端式样声屏障的衍射声场有限元分析,以及使用脉冲方法得到的各种顶端式样在隔声屏障铺设吸声材料和不铺设吸声材料两种情况下插入损失的计算结果。 相似文献
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Jifeng Hou Lijuan Zhao Weizhen Liu Yanxu Zhang 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(8):501-509
ABSTRACT Aiming at backfill with crack under the thermo-mechanical (TM) coupling, the concepts of crack macro-damage, loading meso-damage, thermal meso-damage, and total damage of backfill were proposed. Based on the statistical damage theory, considering the coupling effects of temperature, load and initial crack, a damage evolution model of backfill with crack under TM coupling effects was established. Based on this, the strength criterion of backfill with crack considering the effects of thermal and mechanical coupling was constructed by multivariate function full differential method. The research shows that: (1) The theoretical curves of damage evolution model and strength criterion of backfill with crack under TM coupling are in good agreement with the test curves, which verifies the rationality of the model. (2) The initial thermal damage decreases first and then increases with increasing temperature, reaches a minimum value at 40°C, and generally shows a “V” -shaped distribution law. The coupling effect of temperature and crack aggravates the total damage of the backfill. (3) The strength criterion can reflect the relationship between the stress and strain of each limit state and the parameters of backfill with crack under different temperature conditions and can provide a certain reference for the evaluation of the stability of backfill with geological defects such as joints and crack in deep high temperature mines. 相似文献
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Liu Xiaoming Hou Yi Yu Zhen Wang Yueqiang Zhou Shungui Jiang Bin Liao Yuhong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(35):43480-43492
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vermicomposting (VC) and thermophilic composting (TC) on the molecular transformation of... 相似文献