排污权交易总体框架研究

通过分析排污权交易试点省的业务工作,对省级排污权交易管理进行研究阐述,从整体的角度提出排污权交易管理工作的总体框架,从细节的角度对排污权交易的数据逻辑框架进行研究,为排污权交易由试点转向全国推广积累经验。     

小型露天采石场的安全现状分析

本文针对云南省小型露天采石场的特点,分析了存在的主要危险和有害因素,包括:边坡失稳、滚石、坠落、爆破、泥石流、机械设备伤害、粉尘与噪音,指出了安全管理方面的缺陷,提出了相应的解决办法.     

浅析同程化技术在含悬浮物矿井水净化处理中的应用

开发研究工艺简单、技术可靠、管理方便、经济合理的新工艺、新设备和新药剂,是矿井废水处理和利用的重要课题。文章阐述了同程化技术处理含悬浮物矿井水的工艺、技术、流程以及处理装置的运行管理,同程化技术在达到较好运行效果的同时,实现多级净化、高度集成,具有系统简单、工艺合理、运行维护方便的特点。     

主要污染物排放总量综合管理与应用

污染物排放总量控制制度在减少污染物排放、减轻环境污染、改善环境质量等方面发挥着重要的作用。本文以排污总量控制为出发点,梳理了污染物排放量初始核定、排污许可证、排污权交易、总量减排核查核算等工作现状,探讨了当前各项总量业务在管理中存在的问题,并提出构建"减排量综合利用体系"的观点,以期提供高效的总量管理方案,为进一步推进总量减排制度的发展和完善提供借鉴和参考。     

Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir, China: A holistic assessment of organic pollution, mutagenic effects of sediments and genotoxic impacts on fish

Besides obvious benefits,the Three Gorges Dam's construction resulted in new pollution scenarios with the potentials to threaten the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) ecosystem.In order to record organic contamination,to find links to ecotoxicological impacts and to serve as reference for ensuing monitoring,several sites in the TGR area were screened applying the triad approach with additional lines-of-evidence as a holistic assessment method.Sediments and the benthic fish species Pelteobagrus vachellii were sampled in 2011 and 2012 to determine organic pollution levels,mutagenic potentials and genotoxic impacts.Two regional hot-spots near the cities of Chongqing and Kaixian were identified and further investigated in 2013.Only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) could be detected in sediments in 2011(165–1653 ng/g),emphasizing their roles as key pollutants of the area.Their ubiquity was confirmed at Chongqing(150–433 ng/g) and Kaixian(127–590 ng/g) in2013.Concentrations were comparable to other major Chinese and German rivers.However,the immense sediment influx suggested a deposition of 216–636 kg PAH/day(0.2–0.6 mg PAH/(m2·day)),indicating an ecotoxicological risk.PAH source analysis highlighted primary impacts of combustion sources on the more industrialized upper TGR section,whereas petrogenic sources dominated the mid-low section.Furthermore,sediment extracts from several sites exhibited significant activities of frameshift promutagens in the Ames fluctuation assay.Additionally,significant genotoxic impairments in erythrocytes of P.vachellii were detected(Chongqing/Kaixian),demonstrating the relevance of genotoxicity as animportant mode of action in the TGR's fish.PAHs,their derivatives and non-target compounds are considered as main causative agents.     

Methanation and chemolitrophic nitrogen removal by an anaerobic membrane bioreactor coupled partial nitrification and Anammox

● Efficient carbon methanation and nitrogen removal was achieved in AnMBR-PN/A system. ● AOB outcompeted NOB in PN section by limiting aeration and shortening SRT. ● The moderate residual organic matter of PN section triggered PD in anammox unit. ● AnAOB located at the bottom of UASB played an important role in nitrogen removal. An AnMBR-PN/A system was developed for mainstream sewage treatment. To verify the efficient methanation and subsequent chemolitrophic nitrogen removal, a long-term experiment and analysis of microbial activity were carried out. AnMBR performance was less affected by the change of hydraulic retention time (HRT), which could provide a stable influent for subsequent PN/A units. The COD removal efficiency of AnMBR was > 93% during the experiment, 85.5% of COD could be recovered in form of CH₄. With the HRT of PN/A being shortened from 10 to 6 h, nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of PN/A increased from 60.5% to 80.4%, but decreased to 68.8% when the HRT_PN/A further decreased to 4 h. Microbial analysis revealed that the highest specific ammonia oxidation activity (SAOA) and the ratio of SAOA to specific nitrate oxidation activity (SNOA) provide stable NO₂⁻-N/NH₄⁺-N for anammox, and anammox bacteria (mainly identified as Candidatus Brocadia) enriched at the bottom of Anammox-UASB might play an important role in nitrogen removal. In addition, the decrease of COD in Anammox-UASB indicated partial denitrification occurred, which jointly promoted nitrogen removal with anammox.     

密闭空间有害气体的吸附工艺研究

吸附技术是密闭空间比较普遍的净化方法,而制约其净化效果的是吸附剂的发展。为了提高吸附技术的吸附效果,研制了一种新型的吸附材料,实验证明这种吸附材料能够有效的去除密闭空间中的多种有害气体。对于CO2、H2S、NH3以及NO2的消除率均达到了82.2%以上。同时在湿度较大的情况下也能很好的捕集空气中的粉尘。吸附材料实现了工业化的制备,可以在地下工程或其他密闭环境中得到推广应用。     

粉煤灰的活化性能研究

研究了粉煤灰的活化方法,确定了最适宜的活化剂HR和相应的活化条件。利用XPS．IR．TEM．TGA和DTA等方法研究了活化粉煤灰的表面成分、基团和形貌。考察了活化粉煤灰的疏水性和在有机介质中的分散性及亲和性。证明活化剂分子是以化学键牢固地结合在粉煤灰表面上而使其显著改性。     

堆肥化生物修复技术处理有毒有害固体废弃物的模拟研究

采用好氧堆肥法,分别于常温和高温条件下研究了人工模拟有害固体废弃物降解的动态过程,结果表明,以石油烃为污染基质的固定体废弃物,堆肥降解的适宜工艺条件为：温度５０－６０℃,含水率在６０％左右,Ｃ／Ｎ３５左右,通风量０．０５－０．１Ｎｍ＾３／（ｈ．ｍ＾３）,高温停留时间７ｄ,ＴＯＣ〉２０％。