毒死蜱对六种淡水节肢动物的毒性与风险评价

采用静态法测定了毒死蜱对六种水生节肢动物的48 h毒性.试验结果表明,按实测浓度计,毒死蜱对大型溞Daphnia magna、老年低额溞Simocephalus vetulus、多刺裸腹潘Moina macrocopa、锯缘真蚤Eucyclops serrulatus、介形虫Pseudocandona sp.、花翅摇蚊Chironomus kiiensis幼虫的48 h-LC50(单位:μg· L-1)分别为0.523、0.0528、0.178、7.32、2.75、90.3.这表明毒死蜱对于上述6种水生节肢动物均属于剧毒.将稻田施药下的环境浓度预测值(EECs)与基于实测浓度的48 h-LC50相比对,得到毒死蜱相对于6种水生节肢动物的急性风险商值(RQ)分别为10.29、52.95、27.20、0.73、1.96、0.06.这说明除了摇蚊幼虫,按推荐剂量使用的毒死蜱对于其他5种水生节肢动物有较高程度的急性风险.     

荧光光纤传感器测定废水中邻硝基苯酚

将２－（４－二苯基）－６－苯基苯并恶唑包埋在增塑的ＰＶＣ膜中,基于邻硝基苯酚对ＰＢＢＯ荧光的猝灭,研制了一种邻硝基苯酚荧光光纤传感器。该传感器对邻硝基苯酚的响应具有良好的可逆性和重现性,响应时间小于５０ｓ,在１．２＊１０＾－４－２．０＊１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ邻硝基苯酚浓度范围内具有好的线性关系。环境水中可能存在的常见阳离子、阴离子、酚、硝基化合物对邻硝基苯酚的测定不产生干扰,将传感器用于废水中的邻硝基     

溶胶-凝胶Ag-Al2O3催化剂还原稀燃氮氧化物的研究

系统地研究了培烧条件、氧气浓度、C／N摩尔比等因素对溶胶-凝胶Ag(5)-Al2O3催化剂活性的影响。实验结果表明,氧气浓度对催化剂活性的影响表现为促进低温活性和抑制高温活性;催化剂的最佳焙烧条件为焙烧温度600℃和升温速率5C／min;催化剂的活性随着C／N摩尔比的降低而降低。此外,还考察了空速对Ag(5)-Al2O3催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,该催化剂在较大的空速范围内具有良好的活性。     

皂土对CuCl_2的吸附性能

研究了CuCl2在荷结构负电荷皂土上的吸附性能,考察了pH、无机以及有机添加剂等因素的影响,并结合IR和XRD实验结果探讨了吸附机理。研究表明,皂土对CuCl2有很强的吸附能力,其吸附动力学和吸附等温线分别符合准二级速率方程和Langmuir方程。初始pH增大,吸附量增加。无机以及有机添加剂均能能明显抑制吸附。Cu2＋在皂土上的吸附层在微观上可分为因化学键合作用而形成的内络合层和因静电作用而形成的外络合层。     

Cr(Ⅵ)在Mg-Al型类水滑石上的脱附性能研究

研究了Cr(Ⅵ)在带结构正电荷的Mg-Al型类水滑石(HTlc)上的脱附性质,考察了多种脱附剂的脱附性能,研究了脱附剂种类、浓度、pH值和脱附时间等因素的影响。实验表明,脱附平衡时间比吸附平衡时间稍长,不同的脱附剂脱附效果不一样,对同一种脱附剂来说,随着脱附剂浓度的增大,脱附量增大;随着pH值的升高,脱附量总体呈上升趋势。     

Partition of iodine (¹²⁹I and ¹²⁷I) isotopes in soils and marine sediments

Natural organic matter, such as humic and fulvic acids and humin, plays a key role in determining the fate and mobility of radioiodine in soil and sediments. The radioisotope ¹²⁹I is continuously produced and released from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, and as a biophilic element, its environmental mobility is strongly linked to organic matter.Due to its long half-life (15.7 million years), ¹²⁹I builds up in the environment and can be traced since the beginning of the nuclear era in reservoirs such as soils and marine sediments. Nevertheless, partition of the isotope between the different types of organic matter in soil and sediment is rarely explored. Here we present a sequential extraction of ¹²⁹I and ¹²⁷I chemical forms encountered in a Danish soil, a soil reference material (IAEA-375), an anoxic marine sediment from Southern Norway and an oxic sediment from the Barents Sea. The different forms of iodine are related to water soluble, exchangeable, carbonates, oxides as well as iodine bound to humic acid, fulvic acid and to humin and minerals. This is the first study to identify ¹²⁹I in humic and fulvic acid and humin. The results show that 30-56% of the total ¹²⁷I and 42-60% of the total ¹²⁹I are associated with organic matter in soil and sediment samples. At a soil/sediment pH below 5.0-5.5, ¹²⁷I and ¹²⁹I in the organic fraction associate primarily with the humic acid while at soil/sediment pH > 6 ¹²⁹I was mostly found to be bound to fulvic acid. Anoxic conditions seem to increase the mobility and availability of iodine compared to oxic, while subaerial conditions (soils) reduces the availability of water soluble fraction compared to subaqueous (marine) conditions.     

Capability of novel ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays for visible-light induced degradation of 4-chlorophenol

Highly ordered ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays were successfully prepared by anodic aluminum oxide templates from sol-gel solution. The results from environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy indicated that the as-prepared samples were vertically aligned spinel ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays, and the nanotubes were uniform along the axial direction with an average diameter of approximately 200 nm. The absorption edge of ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays shifted to a higher energy in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum compared with that of ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles film. The synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays exhibited excellent photocatalytic capability for degradation of 4-chlorophenol under visible-light irradiation. The main intermediate degradation species of 4-chlorophenol identified by liquid chromatography-mass technique were benzoquinone, hydroquinone, hydroxybenzoquinone and 2-peroxy-o-dihydroxybenzene. The degradation pathways of 4-chlorophenol under visible-light irradiation was derived and discussed by interpreting the observations of the intermediate species in the photocatalytic reactions.     

深圳市在用柴油公交车排放研究

以公交车为例,利用OBS-2200和ELPI(electrical low pressure impactor)对深圳市重型柴油车(high-duty diesel vehicles,HDDVs)进行了3次在实际道路上的车载排放测试.根据测试数据计算了NOx和PM排放因子及百公里油耗,并分析了不同道路、不同工况对NOx...     

7种水生植物去除城市生活污水氮磷效果的研究

在对南方地区水生植物全面了解的基础上,选择凤眼莲、长鬃蓼、美人蕉、短叶茳芏、鸭趾草、空心莲子草和风车草7种南方地区最常见的水生植物作为研究对象,分别从7种水生植物对城市生活污水中NH3-N、TN和TP等污染的净化效果进行研究,结果表明,7种植物对生活污水中的NH3-N、TN和TP等污染成分都有一定的去除效果,其中凤眼莲...     

大尺寸大孔径TiO2/SiO2光催化剂的制备及甲醛去除研究

以大孔径SiO2为载体,通过钛酸丁酯溶液的浸渍、原位水解以及高温煅烧制备出大尺寸、大孔径的TiO2/SiO2光催化剂。利用自制空气净化装置对室内甲醛的清除进行研究,分别考察了TiO2的百分含量、紫外光光强、温度、湿度和空气流量等不同条件下TiO2/SiO2光催化剂对除去甲醛效率的影响。结果表明,反应温度从10～50℃依...