Evaluation of the readsorption of plutonium and americium in dynamic fractionations of environmental solid samples

A dynamic extraction system exploiting sequential injection (SI) for sequential extractions incorporating a specially designed extraction column is developed to fractionate radionuclides in environmental solid samples such as soils and sediments. The extraction column can contain up to 5 g of a soil sample, and under optimal operational conditions it does not give rise to creation of back pressure. Attention has been placed on studies of the readsorption problems during sequential extraction using a modified Standards, Measurements and Testing (SM&T) scheme with four-step sequential extractions. The degree of readsorption in dynamic and conventional batch extraction systems is compared and evaluated by using a double-spiking technique. A high degree of readsorption of plutonium and americium (>75%) was observed in both systems, and they also exhibited similar distribution patterns of the two radionuclides. However, the dynamic system is fully automated, eliminates manual separations, significantly reduces the operational time required, and offers detailed kinetic information.     

Evolution characteristics and transcriptional responses to multiple stresses of NAC genes in Chenopodium quinoa and its ancestral diploid species北大核心CSCD

NAC是一类广泛参与调控植物在生物和非生物胁迫下防御应答的转录因子.基于系统的比较基因组学研究方法,对藜麦Chenopodium quinoa的NAC基因进行进化与多个生物和非生物逆境下的应答研究.在藜麦C.quinoa、祖先二倍体Chenopodium pallidicaule和Chenopodium suecicum基因组中分别共鉴定得到106、54和54个NAC基因.染色体定位数据表明藜麦基因组中18个NAC基因涉及串联倍增事件.3个物种NAC基因的系统进化树证明藜麦基因组中存在NAC基因的倍增与丢失.藜麦分别和C.pallidicaule和C.suecicum之间同源基因组模块的对应数目关系进一步证明藜麦保留了相当数量的祖先二倍体NAC基因,是其NAC基因倍增的主要动力.此外,藜麦NAC基因在干旱、高温、盐、低磷胁迫和GCFSV侵染下的表达模式被阐明;大量NAC基因被显著地诱导表达,推测其参与了藜麦在生物和非生物胁迫下的防御应答反应.本研究结果为藜麦的遗传育种提供了优良的候选NAC基因.(图7参26)     

Response to environmental flows in the Lower Tarim River, Xinjiang, China: an ecological interpretation of water-table dynamics

Increased water-dependent development and utilization have led to significant environmental and hydrological degradation of the Tarim River in western China and its dependent ecosystems. Between the 1950s and 1970s, 350 km of the lower reaches were drained and between 1960 and 1980 the water-table fell from between −2 and −3 m to between −8 and −10 m. Subsequently, riparian ecosystems were seriously degraded. In 2000, the Chinese government launched a program to restore the lower reaches of the river. Four environmental flows of 1034×10⁶ m³ were released from 2000 to 2002. This paper interprets and discusses the ecological significance of changes following the releases and identifies the relationship between water-table dynamics and vegetation responses. Short-term objectives for river restoration are proposed with possible monitoring parameters suggested.     

机床采购中人机系统安全的层次分析评价

人机系统安全评价是企业机床采购过程中非常重要的一方面.本文对影响机床的人机系统安全的因素进行了分析归类,建立了人机系统安全性评价指标体系,并应用AHP法对人机系统安全性进行了评价.结合企业对各个供应商产品的单个指标的评价得分,得到供应商产品的综合得分,从而辅助企业作出科学合理的采购决策.     

强电磁脉冲环境下计算机设备的防护

探讨了强电磁脉冲对计算机设备的损伤机理和破坏作用,介绍了国内外在强电磁脉冲防护领域的研究发展状况,对计算机脉冲防护技术和措施做了详尽的介绍.结合国内外研究现状和发展趋势,建议加强相关领域的研究,并指出今后的研究方向,以提高强电磁脉冲环境下计算机设备的生存能力.     

纳米银诱导细胞自噬的分子机制和生物效应

细胞自噬对维持细胞的生长代谢以及细胞内环境稳态具有重要意义。近年来,纳米银(silver nanoparticles, AgNPs)与细胞自噬的关系逐渐被揭示。深入了解AgNPs诱导的细胞自噬效应有助于其在医药领域的进一步应用,也能为全面评估AgNPs的纳米毒性提供科学依据。本文重点介绍AgNPs诱导细胞自噬的机制及其涉及的主要信号通路,通过探讨不同理化性质的AgNPs诱导自噬的不同结果及机制,归纳总结AgNPs诱导细胞自噬的生物效应,以期为全面认识AgNPs的自噬效应提供科学依据。     

缺氧—好氧—催化臭氧氧化工艺处理石化厂含盐废水

采用缺氧—好氧—催化臭氧氧化工艺处理某石化厂的含盐废水。实验结果表明：在进水COD为200~350 mg/L的条件下,经生化处理后的出水COD稳定在50~60 mg/L,COD去除率稳定在75%左右;在臭氧投加量为4.5 g/L、V（催化剂Ⅱ）∶V（废水）=1.5∶1的条件下,进行连续催化臭氧氧化后出水COD稳定在20 mg/L以下,COD去除率大于70%,满足DB 61/224—2011《黄河流域（陕西段）污水综合排放标准》。表征结果显示,催化剂表面含有铜元素,比表面积为250.815 m²/g,吸水率为60.9%,经过滤可去除废水中残留的催化剂。     

活化粉煤灰的结构和组成研究

用化学分析、x光电子能谱、波谱、热谱和扫描电子显微镜等多种方法综合研究粉煤灰的体相和表面相的化学组成、颗粒形貌、表面价态、键型和表面相变过程等结构特征。发现粉煤灰的内部组成与表面组成明显不同;颗粒以微珠为主;粒度分布接近高斯分布;表面有Si－O－Si键,而无羟基;粉煤灰加热时有吸热和放热过程发生,并伴有失重现象。这些为粉煤灰的表面改性和综合利用提供了科学依据。     

聚马来酸酐树脂的制备及其对水中环丙沙星的吸附行为和机制

通过沉淀聚合法合成聚马来酸酐树脂(Polymaleic Anhydride Resin,PMA),采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面分析(BET)和热重(TG)分析对PMA进行了表征.同时,利用PMA对水中环丙沙星(CPX)进行吸附去除,系统研究了原料配比、PMA投加量、pH、离子强度和温度等因素对C...     

投影寻踪聚类分析在环境质量综合评价中的应用

介绍了投影寻聚类方法用于环境质量综合评价的基本原理，并将该方法成功用于大气环境质量综合评价分析中，与其他综合评价方法相比，投影寻踪聚类分析不但可以做出环境质量的综合评价，而且还可以根据投影分量值分析相应指标影响环境质量的重要性程度，找出影响环境质量的主要因素。