Sensitivity of future ozone concentrations in the northeast USA to regional climate change

An air quality modeling system was used to simulate the effects on ozone concentration in the northeast USA from climate changes projected through the end of the twenty-first century by the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s (NCAR’s) parallel climate model, a fully coupled general circulation model, under a higher and a lower scenario of future global changes in concentrations of radiatively active constituents. The air quality calculations were done with both a global chemistry-transport model and a regional air quality model focused on the northeast USA. The air quality simulations assumed no changes in regional anthropogenic emissions of the chemical species primarily involved in the chemical reactions of ozone creation and destruction, but only accounted for changes in the climate. Together, these idealized global and regional model simulations provide insights into the contribution of possible future climate changes on ozone. Over the coming century, summer climate is projected to be warmer and less cloudy for the northeast USA. These changes are considerably larger under the higher scenario as compared with the lower. Higher temperatures also increase biogenic emissions. Both mean daily and 8-h maximum ozone increase from the combination of three factors that tend to favor higher concentrations: (1) higher temperatures change the rates of reactions and photolysis rates important to the ozone chemistry; (2) lower cloudiness (higher solar radiation) increases the photolysis reaction rates; and (3) higher biogenic emissions increase the concentration of reactive species. Regional model simulations with two cumulus parameterizations produce ozone concentration changes that differ by approximately 10%, indicating that there is considerable uncertainty in the magnitude of changes due to uncertainties in how physical processes should be parameterized in the models. However, the overall effect of the climate changes simulated by these models – in the absence of reductions in regional anthropogenic emissions – would be to increase ozone concentrations.     

焚烧炉气相燃烧工况条件优化的分析与计算

对固体废弃物焚烧过程进行了简要分析，认为设计好气相燃烧工况，使挥发性组分完全燃烧，是控制主要有害有机组分的破坏去除率的关键。计算了（１）在动力控制条件下，不同温度时的多种有机物ＤＲＥ达９９．９９％所需的时间；（２）在扩散控制条件下，不同粒径固体废弃物的不同分析量挥发性组分完全燃烧所需的时间。讨论了炉内温度，气体在炉内停留时间，氧浓度等因素至ＤＲＥ的影响。     

制定区域大气环境总量控制方案的技术方法

提出了区域大气环境总量控制方案制定的技术路线和主要技术，即污染物的基础允许排放量，平权允许排放量和优化允许排放量的确定方法，以上海市某加工区ＳＯ２总量控制方案作了实例分析。     

AHP-SWOT分析在福建省环罗源湾区域发展定位中的应用

合理的区域发展定位,对区域的可持续发展具有很大的支持,而区域发展定位结论的得出,需要一定的方法来支撑其客观性与科学性。应用定性与定量相结合的AHP-SWOT分析工具,在前期调查的基础上,首先对影响环罗源湾区域发展的优势、劣势、机遇与威胁进行识别,然后根据专家咨询的结果进行相关的AHP-SWOT分析,最后得出如下结论：将福建省环罗源湾区域定位为集海洋经济和临港工业为一体的生态港口工业城市,把该区域建成海峡西岸服务福州市的港口加工业与物流产业基地。     

Factors influencing the photodegradation of N -nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water

In order to provide basic data for practical application, photodegradation experiment of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in aqueous solution was carried out with a low-pressure Hg lamp. Effects of the initial concentration of NDMA, solution pH, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of humic acid on NDMA photodegradation were investigated. NDMA at various initial concentrations selected in this study was almost completely photodegraded by UV irradiation within 20 min, except that at 1.07 mmol/L, NDMA could be photodegraded almost completely in the acidic and neutral solutions, while the removal efficiency decreased remarkably in the alkaline solution. Dissolved oxygen enhanced the NDMA photodegradation, and the presence of humic acid inhibited the degradation of NDMA. Depending on the initial concentration of NDMA, NDMA photodegradation by UV obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. Dimethylamine, nitrite, and nitrate were detected as the photodegradation products of NDMA. ¹O₂ was found to be the reactive oxygen species present in the NDMA photodegradation process by UV, based on the inhibiting experiments using tert-butanol and sodium azide.     

从全球的视角看中国环保产业--国际环保巨子羊城论道

对于多数人而言，环保产业作为一项朝阳产业是一个普遍共识。但是中国的环保产业也存在一些不容忽视的问题。中国环保产业的发展之所以有一些不成熟的地方，一定程度上与发展历史过短有关。     

陈氏书院百年祠堂辉耀岭南

站在陈氏书院的庭院里，只要给你一个相机，你即刻就可成为一名摄影家。因为上下左右、前前后后都是颇耐咀嚼的历史文物。类似的感觉你在九寨沟或者稻城也会有。不同的是，在九寨沟或者稻城你得到的是自然风光；在陈氏：括院，你触摸到的，却是历史。     

污水生物处理工艺低温下微生物种群结构

构建有针对性的运行控制策略是我国城市污水生物处理工艺冬季低水温条件下高效稳定运行的重要保证.以我国北方低温期(8～15℃)稳定运行的4个典型污水生物处理工艺为对象,利用高通量测序方法系统解析了活性污泥中的微生物群落及碳、氮、磷去除等关键功能种群结构,阐明了重要功能种群在低温影响下的动态变化及与污染物去除性能间关系,为控制策略的有效建立提供了坚实的科学数据基础.尽管存在着不同工艺形式,但结果表明低温期活性污泥均具有较为良好的种群丰富度,其中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)在低温期优势地位提升;关键功能种群中硝化种属Nitrosomonas受温度影响较大,而作为核心种群的反硝化种属则因分布广泛及多样性高,整体丰度受温度变化影响较小,工艺的反硝化性能仅与回流比具有相关性;Tetrasphaera在4个工艺中广泛存在但仅在厌氧/好氧交替条件下承担主要除磷功能;低温下4个工艺中多种丝状菌优势生长并诱发污泥膨胀,但对出水水质影响较小.     

某工业园区二氧化硫健康风险区识别技术探索

为了研究二氧化硫(SO₂)暴露及健康防护,该研究探索基于土地使用暴露场景分析的排放预测法来构建SO₂健康风险区识别技术。以西部某典型工业园区为例,通过对地方土地使用类型与人群暴露模式的调查,构建不同土地使用类型的人群情景暴露参数数据库。通过在排放预测与土地使用情景暴露参数中引入空间地理参数,建立区域暴露量识别技术,以实现对SO₂健康风险区的判定。案例结果表明,在引入土地使用情景暴露参数后,健康风险区与污染物空间分布区存在一定差异(p<0.05)。与园区监测点(相对坐标X 1 804,Y 423)的SO₂年均浓度0.045 mg/m³相比,最大健康风险区(X 2 051,Y 335)的年均浓度为0.425 mg/m³。结果表明,在引入土地使用情景暴露分析后,实际健康风险区与监测点存在较大差异。因考虑了人群的实际暴露因子,该技术可更为精准地识别人群健康风险区,为大气环境风险防控目标提供依据。