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231.
232.
The degradation of endocrine disruptor di-n-butyl phthalate by UV irradiation: a photolysis and product study 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The direct photolysis of an important endocrine disruptor compound, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), has been investigated under monochromatic UV irradiation at 254 nm over a wide pH range (3-11). The investigation was carried out under idealized conditions and has considered both reaction kinetics and the degradation mechanism. It was found that more than 90% of DBP can be degraded within an hour of irradiation in water. A simple model has been developed and used to predict the initial DBP photolysis rate constant at different pH values and initial DBP concentrations. The major decomposition mechanism of DBP is believed to involve the hydrolytic photolysis of the carbon in the alpha and/or beta-position of the ester chain with the production of aromatic carboxylic derivatives. Additionally, multi-degradation pathways are proposed for acid-catalyzed hydrolytic photolysis (pH 3-5), which was found to be useful in explaining the photo-degradation of DBP under acidic conditions. The use of 254 nm UV to photo-degrade DBP was found to be a relatively fast and clean process, especially in neutral to basic conditions. 相似文献
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234.
基于不同基质的强化生物除磷系统中生化反应机理研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述了3种不同基质(乙酸盐、丙酸盐和葡萄糖)在强化生物除磷系统中的生化模型反应机理.重点介绍了聚磷菌(PAOs)、聚糖菌(GAOs)和产乳酸菌在厌氧/好氧条件下对能量及还原力(NADH2)的利用方式;聚-β-羟基链烷酸盐(PHA)的合成方式及存在形式,糖原、乳酸(L型)的代谢途径等.虽然控制基质条件可以实现稳定的强化生物除磷效果,但目前的生化模型并不能完全解释所有的代谢过程,今后要在分离纯种的PAOs及相关生化代谢过程中酶的活动等方面进行深入研究. 相似文献
235.
This study examined the toxicological interaction between glyphosate (or its formulation, Roundup) and several heavy metals to a freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia. We demonstrated that all binary combinations of Roundup and metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) exhibited "less than additive" mixture toxicity, with 48-h LC50 toxic unit > 1. Addition of glyphosate alone could significantly reduce the acute toxicity of Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn (but not Hg and Se). The ratio between glyphosate and metal ions was important in determining the mitigation of metal toxicity by glyphosate. A bioaccumulation study showed that in the presence of glyphosate the uptake of some metals (e.g. Ag) was halted but that of others (e.g. Hg) was increased significantly. Therefore, our study strongly suggests that glyphosate and its commercial formulations can control the toxicity as well as the bioavailability of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems where both groups of chemicals can co-occur. 相似文献
236.
Determination of polycyclic musks in sewage sludge from Guangdong, China using GC-EI-MS 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Polycyclic musks [Cashmeran (DPMI), Celestolide (ADBI), Phantolide (AHMI), Traseolide (ATII), Tonalide (AHTN) and Galaxolide (HHCB)] were Soxhlet extracted, separated and analyzed in sewage sludge from six different wastewater treatment plants from Guangdong, China, using GC and GC-EI-MS. DPMI, ADBI, HHCB, AHTN were found in all samples, and ATII was not found in any sample. AHMI was detected in five out of six samples. HHCB and AHTN were the two major polycyclic musks found in highest concentrations in sludge. The sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants contained HHCB, AHTN and DPMI at concentrations between 5.416 and 21.214, 0.715 and 6.195 and 0.599 and 2.870 mg/kg (dry), respectively. The highest concentration was found in sludge from one cosmetic plant at 703.681 mg HHCB/kg (dry). The results indicate that there are two sources of polycyclic musks: domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. 相似文献
237.
Cigarette smoke constituents are worthy of concern and characterized as carcinogens. Different experiment conditions may affect the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents. A study was undertaken in a 75.5-m3 spare office to evaluate ETS constituents in a real environment. Thirty-four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including three ETS tracers: nicotine, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP), 19 carbonyl compounds, 54 semi-volatile compounds (24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 30 alkanes) as well as CO and total particulate matter (TPM) from 15 leading commercial brands were determined. ETS constituents did not increase with increasing cigarette tar. ETS tracers nicotine and 3-EP were affected greatly due to more sorption and surface reactions in real world compared to other studies conducted in chamber, which resulted in 2-5 times lower. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, acrolein, 2-butanone and the high molecular weight compounds exhibited little affect. Pearson correlation analyses show that gas-phase and particulate-phase ETS tracers did not show significant correlation, but within each homologue many of compounds correlated significantly. Indole and cholesta-3,5-diene were also detected in ETS. These results may be useful in efforts to better understand the health effect of ETS exposure and source apportionment. 相似文献
238.
239.
等离子体协同光催化去除模拟烟气中SO2的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,低温等离子体技术以及纳米TiO2光催化技术在烟气脱硫中的应用越来越引起人们的关注。利用填充床反应器将这2种技术有机地结合起来,进行了大量脱硫实验研究。研究结果表明,等离子体协同光催化去除烟气中的SO2与单独采用等离子体技术相比,其SO2的去除率可提高5%~20%。同时,探讨了等离子体协同TiO2光催化剂的脱硫机理,分别研究了外加电压、气体流量和SO2初始浓度等因素对脱硫效率的影响。实验结果表明,当SO2初始浓度为800 mg/m3,输入电压为17.5 kV,气体流量为0.2 m3/h时,SO2脱除率可以达到77.6%。 相似文献
240.
苏北地区农业环境问题及管理方案的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
配合江苏省“碧海计划”和盐城市海洋经济绿色农业的发展,探讨了现阶段农业环境污染控制的直接政策管理、经济手段和人工生态工程处理三种方案,其中政策管理,如减少化肥农药的施用规定能减少污染,直接经济投入少,但是执行管理成本高,且政策见效慢;经济手段能减少污染,但环境目标达标不确定,且需要完善的市场环境,目前来说,本地区市场机制不完善,会出现“市场失灵”现象;人工湿地生态工程,前期投入大,但管理成本低,环境目标确定,但不能快速削减污染负荷。三种方案各有所长,在实际操作中,应针对不同区域的农业产业状况、方案时间迟度组合使用。 相似文献