Elution of p-Dichlorobenzene through compacted soil with alcohol-water mixtures

p-Dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) was eluted through a compacted ferruginous clay with dilute aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, n- and i-propanols, and n- and i-butanols. The presence of the alcohols results in very marked increases in the concentrations of p-DCB in the effluents from the clay-packed columns. Flux of p-DCB through the columns increases with increasing chain length of the alcohol, and normal alcohols increase the flux somewhat more than corresponding branched alcohols. Flux increases with increasing mole fraction of the alcohol. Flux enhancement is due almost exclusively to enhancement of the solubility of p-DCB.     

九寨沟风景区游客入游距离特征研究

九寨沟风景区属于长江支流水系的上游，是长江支流源头区以景观资源（尤其是水景观）及生态旅游资源为特色的典型地区，目前旅游业成为当地及同类地区的旅游重要产业。旅游市场是当地旅游发展基础之一。在实地游客抽样调查及旅游区游客登记统计共涉及约2万人统计资料及数据库处理的基础上较系统地研究了九寨沟入游游客的入游距离特征。对九寨沟不同目标市场游客的入游距离特征进行了统计描述，揭示了游客入游距离与年龄、收入、职业、文化、心理收入、旅游态度相关，而与旅游动机相关性不明显，景观偏好可以反映游客的旅游心理特征，并在一定程度上影响入游距离。同时揭示了入游距离感知的距离衰减特征，印证了心理学感知理论中的韦伯理论在距离感知中的体现。还解释了游客的主观假设替代旅游地的旅游距离与入游距离呈线性相关关系。     

Diurnal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with PM2:5 in Shanghai, China

Forty-eight daily time interval PM2:5 samples were collected from December 2006 to January 2008 in an urban site in Shanghai, China. Concentrations and compositions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed with GC-MS to study the diurnal and seasonal variations and to identify the main emitting sources. The diurnal variation of the PAHs concentrations was greater in the late autumn and winter sampling days, and was greatly influenced by meteorological conditions such as wind speed and ambient temperature. The concentration of PAHs in the mornings (6:30–10:00) increased distinctly, and was high in the late autumn and winter sampling days, indicating the contribution from vehicle emissions during rush hours. The diurnal variation of the high molecular weight PAHs did not seem to be controlled by the shift of gas-particle partitioning due to temperature variation, instead, it could be indicative of the variation in the source. Statistical analyses showed that the concentrations of PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed, and positively correlated with relative humidity. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggested mixed emission sources of petroleum and coal/biomass combustion for PAHs in the PM2:5 in Shanghai.     

Composition, source, mass closure of PM2:5 aerosols for four forests in eastern China

PM2.5 aerosols were collected in forests along north latitude in boreal-temperate, temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic zones in eastern China, i.e., Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve (CB), Dongping National Forest Park in Chongming Island (CM), Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve (DH), Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan Island (HN). The mass concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as well as concentrations of ten inorganic ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O42-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were determined. Aerosol chemical mass closures were achieved. The 24-hr average concentrations of PM2.5 were 38.8, 89.2, 30.4, 18 μg/m3 at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. Organic matter and EC accounted for 21%-33% and 1.3%-2.3% of PM2.5 mass, respectively. The sum of three dominant secondary ions (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+) accounted for 44%, 50%, 45% and 16% of local PM2.5 mass at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. WSOC comprised 35%-65% of OC. The sources of PM2.5 include especially important regional anthropogenic pollutions at Chinese forest areas.     

Damage to DNA of e ective microorganisms by heavy metals: Impact on wastewater treatment

The research is to test the damage to DNA of effective microorganisms(EMs)by heavy metal ions As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 , Pb2 ,and Zn2 ,as well as the effects of EM bacteria on wastewater treatment capability when their DNA is damaged.The approach applied in this study is to test with COMET assay the damage of EM DNA in wastewater with different concentrations of heavy metal ions As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 ,Zn2 ,as well as the effects of EM treated with As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 ,and Zn2 on COD degradin...     

基于风险分析的FPSO资产完整性管理

介绍了资产完整性管理的方法,结合中海油能源发展采油服务公司FPSO产业实际,分析了实施基于风险分析的FPSO资产完整性管理的必要性和可行性,并展望了其应用前景。     

江苏省灰霾监测现状与发展的探讨

介绍了目前灰霾天气最新的定义、成因以及背景知识等,针对江苏省灰霾监测状况进行了研究,提出了合理、可行的对策与建议,并对当前国内外灰霾监测仪器性能、参数、功能等方面进行了分类总结.     

入侵植物互花米草水浸液对莴苣的化感效应

选用互花米草根、茎、叶5个浓度梯度(0.065、0.130、0.195、0.260、0.325 g·mL-1)的水浸液为处理液,研究其对莴苣种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:互花米草根水浸液在浓度大于0.260 g·mL-1时会显著抑制莴苣种子的萌发,而茎、叶水浸液产生显著抑制作用的起始浓度分别为0.130 g·mL-1和0.195 g·mL-1;互花米草根、茎、叶水浸液对莴苣种子萌发的抑制,不仅表现为降低种子的最终萌发率,还表现为延长种子的平均萌发周期;茎、叶水授液对幼苗生长的影响比较显著.而根水浸液浓度低于0.195g·mL-1时对幼苗胚轴的生长产生促进作用(敏感指数RI>0).不同构件水浸液化感效应强度由大到小依次为:茎>叶>根.并且化感效应强度随水浸液浓度的增加而增强.     

围岩位移自动监测记录系统

以往围岩位移监测的位移数据是先埋设好位移监测的设备后由工作人员定时采集。这种方式不能准确记录岩体发生变形的时间,数据量也较少,不利于对危险情况及时发现处理以及数据的后期研究分析。自动化监测系统采用短时间间隔的数据采集可以很好的克服以上的缺点。系统采用USB存储方式,将监测数据以文本文件的格式直接存储到U盘上,可以更方便的应用计算机处理数据。     

鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗某煤矿矿井水回用工程

采用过滤-气浮-活性炭吸附-消毒的处理工艺处理矿井水,出水水质达到了生活饮用水卫生标准（GB5749-2006）,出水可用于洗浴,其处理过程为煤矿矿井水回用提供了参考实例。