旅顺港环境质量变化趋势与评价

利用1987～2003年中对旅顺港进行的7次监测的历史数据和资料,对旅顺港的水质、沉积物环境质量的变化趋势进行了研究。结果表明,20世纪90年代的旅顺港环境质量较差,1999年始由于加大了对旅顺港环境污染的综合治理．以及2000年至2002年对旅顺港疏浚,使旅顺港的环境质量明显变好。     

添加乙醇碳源对驯化菌种降解油制气废水的影响

进行了添加乙醇作为碳源强化油制气废水生物降解的研究,并利用GC／MS分析对油制气废水中芳烃类化合物的降解进行了初步研究。研究表明,共代谢基质乙醇的加入,可使菌种S-2、Y-3、XH-3、M-3对COD、氨氮、可萃取有机物等指标的去除率分别提高17．6％～25．6％、34．9％～42．8％、10．4％～14．2％;但在所采用的时间范围内,酚类化合物的去除率降低;芳烃类化合物的去除率提高15．4％～21．2％。除了维持无共代谢条件下对芳环数≤3的芳烃类化合物的良好降解能力外,对芳环数为4～6的化合物降解能力也有所提高。     

三峡水库消落区自然植被群落分布特征

为了调查清楚三峡水库消落区自然植被群落的分布特征,在三峡水库消落区设置了 251个样地进行调查研究.结果表明,在土质边坡、岩质边坡和混合质边坡中,狗牙根群落占绝对优势;在145～155 m、155～165 m、165～175 m高程区间,狗牙根群落均有分布且数量较多,其次为苍耳群落和狗尾草群落,且随着高程的增加植物种类...     

Spatio-temporal characteristics and control strategies in the early period of COVID-19 spread: a case study of the mainland China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - COVID-19 has caused huge impacts on human health and the economic operation of the world. Analyzing and summarizing the early propagation law can help...     

某油田采出水用杀菌剂急性毒性研究与职业病防护建议

目的:对某油田采出水用杀菌剂毒性进行评价,为员工安全操作及职业病防护提供依据。方法:采用动物试验方法,对某油田采出水用杀菌剂进行急性毒性实验研究。结果:该油田采出水用杀菌剂对SD大鼠的急性经口半数致死剂量(LD 50)为3160 mg/(kg·bw),属实际无毒级;对普通级成年新西兰白兔皮肤为中等刺激性,对眼睛为严重眼损伤/对眼造成不可逆影响;对普通级白化豚鼠皮肤为低致敏性。结论:该油田采出水用杀菌剂对皮肤、眼睛可能存在较大损伤,作业人员进行相关作业时应做好防护。     

白龙江溶解有机碳的空间分布、来源及其控制因素探究

流域碳循环是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,也是研究的热点,但是目前对于高原流域碳循环的认识仍然不足。白龙江流域位于青藏高原东缘,是研究高原流域碳循环的理想地区之一。为了研究白龙江流域河流水体中溶解有机碳(DOC)的空间分布特征、来源及其影响因素,我们对白龙江流域河流水体进行了系统的空间序列采样并对河流水体水温、p H、电导率(EC)、DOC浓度、DOC的稳定碳同位素组成(δ~(13)C_(DOC))及紫外-可见光吸收光谱特征等进行测试分析。分析结果显示,白龙江流域DOC浓度为0.4～4.1 mg/L,平均值为1.4 mg/L,δ~(13)C_(DOC)变化范围为-27.2‰～-26.2‰。研究结果表明白龙江源区高海拔区域DOC含量在全流域内最高,自源区至下游,DOC含量逐渐降低,干流中、下游DOC浓度值基本相同,南部DOC含量由上游支流至下游支流逐渐减少。白龙江流域DOC含量与土壤有机碳含量和α(254)之间明显的正相关性,以及δ~(13)C_(DOC)的分布范围等,均表明DOC主要来源于以C3植物为主的陆源有机质,其空间分布受到海拔(温度)和土地利用控制。     

Nano Fe2O3 embedded in montmorillonite with citric acid enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles towards diethyl phthalate

Nano-Fe₂O₃ embedded in montmorillonite particles (Fe-Mt) were prepared to degrade diethyl phthalate (DEP) with citric acid (CA) under xenon light irradiation. Compared to pristine montmorillonite (Na-Mt), the embedding process increased 14.5-fold of iron content and 1.8-fold of specific surface area. The synthesized Fe-Mt have more oxygen vacancies than Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (nFe₂O₃), which could induce more reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation in the presence of CA under xenon lamp irradiation. Fe-Mt with CA enhanced photo-assisted degradation of DEP 2.5 times as compared to nFe₂O₃ with CA. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and identification of products confirmed that surface-bound ?OH was the main radical to degrade DEP. Common anions (i.e., NO₃^?, CO₃^2?, Cl^?) and humic acid could compete ?OH with DEP and cause slower degradation of DEP. The removal efficiency of DEP was more than 56% with Fe-Mt after three recycles, and the dissolved Fe concentration from Fe-Mt was below 75 μmol/L, indicating Fe-Mt had a good stability as a catalyst. Fe-Mt together with CA appeared to be a promising strategy to remove organic pollutants in surface water, or topsoil under solar irradiation.     

O3纳米气泡强化表面活性剂修复柴油污染土壤

实验将纳米气泡(直径50~270nm)与臭氧相结合,对比臭氧纳米气泡处理后对3种表面活性剂去除土壤中柴油污染物的增效作用,并探讨表面活性剂浓度、土质以及土壤老化时间等不同条件对污染物去除率的影响。对不同方式处理后的土壤样品进行XRD、FTIR表征,采用GC/MS对柴油组分的降解产物进行分析。结果表明,同等条件下3种表面活性剂随着浓度的增加,对柴油的洗脱效率也随之提高,洗脱能力依次为SDS＞SDBS＞TX-100。表面活性剂在搅拌实验30min内对污染物的去除效果增效明显,30~40min增速放缓。臭氧纳米气泡提高表面活性剂对砂土中柴油去除率明显高于壤土,其中砂土和壤土中柴油去除率提高约13%和9%。壤土中污染物的老化时间与去除率成反比,臭氧纳米气泡处理对较长老化时间的壤土中柴油去除率也有显著提高,对老化60天污染壤土提高近8%。FTIR光谱表明含有臭氧纳米气泡的表面活性剂可以减少对土壤中有机质主要官能团的影响。GC/MS图谱分析表明残留污染物组分主要为烷烃,降解难度:烷烃<烯烃<环烷烃<芳香族化合物。     

Denitrification and microbial community in MBBR using A. donax as carbon source and biofilm carriers for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment

In this study,raw Arundo donax(A.donax)pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gathered from local wastewater reuse plant.At stable phase(about 60 days),efficient denitrification performance was obtained with73.2%±19.5%NO_(3-)~-N average removal and 8.10±3.45 g N/(m~3·day)NO_(3-)~-N average volumetric removal rate.Mass balance analysis showed that 4.84 g A.donax was required to remove 1 g TN.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results showed that the copy numbers of 16S r-RNA,narG,nirS,nosZ and anammox gene of carrier biofilm and suspended activated sludge in the declination phase(BF2 and AS2)were lower than those of samples in the stable phase(BF1 and AS1),and relatively higher copy numbers of nirS and nirK genes with lower abundance of narG and nosZ genes were observed.High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted for BF2 and AS2,and similar dominant phyla and classes with different abundance were obtained.The class Gammaproteobacteria affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant microbial community in both BF2(52.6%)and AS2(41.7%).The PICRUSt prediction results indicated that 33 predictive specific genes were related to denitrification process,and the relative abundance of 18 predictive specific genes in BF2 were higher than those in AS2.