Absorption and reaction kinetics of amines and ammonia solutions with carbon dioxide in flue gas

The removal system for the absorption of CO2 with amines and NH3 is an advanced air pollution control device to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Absorption of CO2 by amines and NH3 solutions was performed in this study to derive the reaction kinetics. The absorption of CO2 as encountered in flue gases into aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and NH3 was carried out using a stirred vessel with a plane gas-liquid interface at 50 degrees C. Various operating parameters were tested to determine the effect of these variables on the absorption kinetics of the reactants in both gas and liquid phases and the effect of competitions between various reactants on the mass-transfer rate. The observed absorption rate increases with increasing gas-liquid concentration, solvent concentration, temperature, and gas flow rate, but changes with the O2 concentration and pH value. The absorption efficiency of MEA is better than that of NH3 and DEA, but the absorption capacity of NH3 is the best. The active energies of the MEA and NH3 with CO2 are 33.19 and 40.09 kJ/mol, respectively.     

The influence of information communication technology on farmers’ sales channels in environmentally affected areas of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rapid development of information communication technology (ICT), represented by mobile phones and the Internet, allows capitalizing to a greater...     

废印制线路板真空热解产物分析

在自行设计的间歇式固定床真空热解装置中热解废印制线路板(PCB),对热解产物进行了分析.在热解温度为550 ℃、热解压力为20 kPa、恒温时间为60 min的条件下,得到的热解产物质量分数为:热解渣70%;热解油3%～4%;不可冷凝热解气26%～27%.经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,热解油经常压蒸馏后得到的低沸点液态油中含有29种化合物,主要有苯酚、对异丙基酚、3-乙基酚、4-甲酚及2-溴苯酚,还含有少量含溴化合物和含氯化合物.热解油经简单的蒸馏就可达到回收酚类化合物的目的.热解渣经风选可实现铜与黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维的分离,其中铜质量分数约30%,黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维质量分数约70%.     

深圳市公路建设对生态环境的影响、治理及对策

公路建设曾经给深圳的生态环境造成了较为严重的危害 ,主要有 :严重的水土流失及其派生影响 ,对一些具有观赏价值的自然景观产生破坏 ,影响了部分区域动植物生存环境等。主要对这些环境影响及已进行的治理及其成效进行综述 ,对治理工作的不足及未来对策也进行了探讨。     

Persistent organic pollutant emissions from medical waste incinerators in China

The huge amount of medical waste (MW) has caused a tough challenge to environmental protection in China because of its serious infectious potential. At present, incineration is the most common technology for MW disposal. Unfortunately, the medical waste incinerator (MWI) is considered one of the major sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This study was conducted to investigate the generation and the components of MW; the fingerprint of PCDD/Fs in MWI; and PCDD/F, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene concentrations in residue ash. The estimated annual production of MW was estimated to be 0.97 million tons in China in 2008; in addition, plastic and rubber accounted for 24.5% of MW contents. PCDD/F emissions from MWI could be divided into two main groups according their fingerprints, and the ratio of PCDFs/PCDDs was mostly over 1.5, with a mean value of 3.43. The toxic equivalent of PCDD/Fs was over 30 times that of the value of PCBs in the residue ash, and PCDD/F contents in fly ash accounted for approximately 67% of the total output of PCDD/Fs, which was in line with the UNEP default emission factors for MWI (class 3, 63.7%).     

阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用及树脂质量控制

采用 酸套洗工艺代替传统的加水稀释洗涤工艺，成功地解决了阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用问题，研究了采用新洗涤工艺后树脂变红的机理和防止对策，结果表明，树脂发红帅微生物的参与而引起的。采以完善洗涤 灭菌措施可防止树脂 ，从而确保了稀酸套洗工艺的顺利实施。     

深埋隧道圆形基坑围护结构变形特性及控制指标探讨

基于深埋隧道超深竖井工程,对比分析了圆形与矩形基坑受力变形特征,在对国内外圆形竖井基坑典型案例统计分析的基础上,探讨圆形竖井基坑的变形抑制机理,以现有规范、工程实例为基础确定圆形竖井基坑的变形控制指标。研究结果表明:①考虑空间结构体系的圆形竖井计算的地墙内力及变形比弹性地基梁的计算结果小20%以上,而矩形基坑的计算结果仅比弹性地基梁的计算结果小0～15%;②支护结构承受轴力为主的"圆筒"效应、轴力对薄弱处的加强以及土体的"挤压"效应三者的综合作用是圆形基坑受力变形抑制的原因;③随着基坑深度增大,基坑侧墙水平位移与深度的比值显著减小;随着基坑直径增大,基坑侧墙水平位移与深度的比值变大;④建议以基坑深度35m、基坑直径40m为分界点,根据情况分别选取0.5‰、1‰、1.8‰作为对于圆形深基坑支护结构水平位移控制指标。     

侧向辐射注浆技术引起地表隆起变形分析

侧向辐射注浆技术是用于处治现役高速公路沉降变形的新技术,可在通车条件下对高速公路进行加固。在通车条件下对高速公路进行加固需要对施工效应进行分析,确保施工过程中高速公路通车安全。根据土体中的球孔扩张理论,将侧向辐射注浆假设为半无限体多球孔扩张模型,将几何条件复杂的侧向辐射注浆简化为多球孔几何模型,并引入有限边界球孔扩张理论,建立注浆压力和扩孔半径的关系,得到了土体注浆过程存在极限注浆压力,在极限注浆压力后存在软化效应的结果;确定注浆球孔扩张压力和隆起变形的关系,最终给出了同时考虑注浆压力和注浆量两个注浆施工控制指标的地表隆起位移计算方法。结合工程实测参数,计算并对比分析了不同注浆压力、不同注浆步距对地表隆起位移的影响,给出了侧向辐射注浆施工隆起位移的计算方法,能够对注浆设计和施工提供指导作用。     

两起钢丝绳芯输送带断裂事故的分析及对策

通过两起钢绳芯胶带断裂事故的分析,提出了具体和有效的对策措施。     

利用环境容量进行环境影响评价

为有效地控制环境污染，目前全国在环境管理过程中已经逐步实施了污染物总量控制，但是在环境影响评价中，却仍然是采用传统的评价方法——浓度控制法，即首先预测出拟建工程对环境所产生的污染物浓度贡献，然后与评价标准比对，如果超出了评价标准，就将污染浓度削减到评价标准之下即可。显然，这是不符合总量控制原则的。为此笔者提出了利用环境容量进行环境影响评价，经验证该评价方法，既符合总量控制又具有简单易行、操作性强、准确可靠等许多优点。