城市生态示范区建设成效层次模糊综合评价研究

将层次模糊综合评价模型应用于生态示范区指标体系,采用专家调查法构造判断矩阵,确定了指标权重,并对生态示范区建设指标体系进行分级,评价了长沙市开福区生态示范区建设的成效。结果表明,长沙市开福区自开展生态示范区建设以来,在社会、经济和生态环境领域都取得了明显进步,2002年至2003年时间段的成效尤为显著。     

GIS支持下矿区岩溶陷落柱的综合探测技术

岩溶陷落柱是影响矿山安全生产的重要地质灾害之一,在采掘笔者提出的工程设计之前,预先探测陷落柱的空间位置和形态,可避免经济损失并保证煤矿高效安全生产。为此,论述了一种在地面综合探测陷落柱的技术,即在地理信息系统（Ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃ Ｉｎｆｏｒｍ ａｔｉｏｎ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ , 简称ＧＩＳ）支持下,对遥感图像、地质采矿资料和实地调查资料进行多因素复合分析,圈定陷落柱的可能分布区,进而实施物理勘探,确定陷落柱的具体分布参数。实践表明,这是一种行之有效的技术方法     

基于SOM模型的乌梁素海夏季水质状况聚类研究

湖泊富营养化的预防与治理已经成为了世界性的难题.湖泊富营养化评价是湖泊治理的基础,可以为治理工作提供科学的依据.本文利用自组织特征映射网络模型对干旱区草型浅水湖泊--乌梁素海的水环境状况进行了聚类分析研究,并与层次聚类分析法进行了综合比较.结果表明,两种方法得出的结果相似度较高,均能反映实际情况.最后综合分析两种方法的计算结果,得出能够客观、清晰地反映乌梁素海水环境现状的分类结果.为乌梁素海富营养化的综合治理提供了合理、科学的依据.SOM网络操作过程简单易行,只需将相关数据提供给网络,网络就会通过自身训练、学习、竞争,最后输出相应的分类数目及对应的分类结果.研究表明,SOM网络是分析水环境状况的一种快捷、简便的分析工具.     

电子垃圾焚烧排放的二噁英对周围大气环境的影响

为了研究电子垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英对周围环境的影响,同时在E1和E2采样点分别采集9个大气样品.E1周围分布大量的电子垃圾焚烧点,E2则位于E1南9 km处,周围无其他明显的二噁英排放源.所采样品用同位素稀释法进行分析测定,结果表明,E1和E2大气样品中二噁英的平均质量浓度分别为127.37、22.37 pg/m3,平均毒性当量浓度分别为8.777、1.305 pg I-TEQ/m3.八氯代二苯并呋喃(OCDF)、八氯代二苯并二噁英(OCDD)、七氯代二苯并呋喃(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF)和七氯代二苯并二噁英(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)对2,3,7,8位氯代的二噁英的总浓度贡献较大,而五氯代二苯并呋喃(2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF)则对总毒性当量浓度贡献最大,其贡献率超过40%.在E1和E2两个采样点,二噁英在气相中的比例均随着氯原子取代数的增加而降低.两采样点相似的二噁英分布模式和气固分配,说明E2大气中二噁英主要来自于E1电子垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英.     

强化有机碳源驱动地下水中的NO3^-污染净化研究

地下水中的氮污染现象较普遍而难治理.采用富集培养基优化制备了高效脱氮菌剂.室内模拟试验表明,按5%(体积分数)加入高效脱氮菌剂和0.010%(质量分数)配入量比加入乙醇时,NO-3净化效果最好.在此基础上,对河北石家庄北部平原一地下水NO-3污染区做了野外现场原位净化试验.试验结果表明,NO-3的最大净化去除率和单位体积乙醇净化去除的NO-3总量分别为97.4%～98.8%和3.5×105 mg/L.同时,净化试验不会引起地下水有机物和细菌的二次污染.因地下水渗流缓慢,存在营养物利用率偏低的问题.但采用人工抽水与注水循环,伴随注水按与循环水量一定比例连续均匀投入所需营养物,以及按一定时间间隔投入脱氮菌剂,将有效提高营养物的利用率,取得更好的NO-3净化效果.     

Characterization of heavy metal-resistant endophytic bacteria from rape (Brassica napus) roots and their potential in promoting the growth and lead accumulation of rape

Two lead (Pb)-resistant endophytic bacteria were isolated from rape roots grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils and characterized. A pot experiment was conducted for investigating the capability of the two isolates to promote the growth and Pb uptake of rape from Pb-amended soil. The two isolates were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens G10 and Microbacterium sp. G16 based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Strains G10 and G16 exhibited different multiple heavy metal and antibiotic resistance characteristics and increased water-soluble Pb in solution and in Pb-added soil. Root elongation assays demonstrated increases in root elongation of inoculated rape seedlings compared to the control plants. Strain G16 produced indole acetic acid, siderophores and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. Increases in biomass production and total Pb uptake in the bacteria-inoculated plants were obtained compared to the control. The two strains could colonize the root interior and rhizosphere soil of rape after root inoculation.     

生物滴滤床净化含H2S废气的实验研究

采用生物滴滤床(BTF)对某制药厂污水站含H2S废气进行净化实验.结果表明,在循环营养液温度为25～30℃、pH为1～3、空床停留时间(EBRT)为13.5s、废气中H2S质量浓度在200～600 mg/m3时,BTF系统对H2S的去除率基本保持在90%以上,且稳定性良好;循环营养液中SO24-浓度的累积会降低系统H2S的去除率;随着BTF填料体积因压实而减小,H2S去除率减小.可通过改变系统操作条件或用稀碱液冲洗等方法防止填料堵塞;BTF系统在特殊工况下,具有较好的恢复性能.     

Arsenic contamination in groundwater and its possible sources in Hanam, Vietnam

This study investigated the arsenic (As) level in groundwater, and the characteristics of aquifer sediment as related to the occurrence of As in groundwater in Hanam, Vietnam. The deposition and transport of As-containing substances through rivers were also examined. Arsenic concentrations in 88% of the groundwater samples exceeded the As limit for drinking water based on the WHO standards. The dominating form of arsenic was As(III). The maximum total As content in bore core sediment was found in a peat horizon of the profiles and generally, elevated levels of As were also found in other organic matter-rich horizons. Total As contents of the bore core sediments were significantly correlated with crystalline iron oxide, silt and clay contents, suggesting that As in aquifer sediment was mainly associated with iron (hydr)oxides and clay mineral. In the groundwater, As concentration showed significant correlations with the total concentrations of Fe and HCO (3)(-). Significant correlations between HCl-extractable As and non-crystalline Fe oxide, total C, N, and S were also observed in the profiles. The results support the hypothesis that under favorable reductive conditions established by the degradation of organic matter, the dissolution of iron (hydr)oxides releases adsorbed As into the groundwater. The deposition of As in the sediments from the Red River were significantly higher than that in the Chau Giang River, suggesting that the Red River is the main source of As-containing substances deposited in the study area.     

安徽省“十二五”生态环境遥感监测

利用2011—2015年安徽省遥感影像土地利用类型解译数据,结合地面调查和统计资料,依据生态环境状况评价系统对安徽省"十二五"期间生态环境状况进行动态监测与评价。结果表明,"十二五"末安徽省各市生态环境状况等级为"优"的有4个市,为"良"的有12个市;"十二五"期间,各市等级均保持不变;"十二五"始末相比,有8个市生态环境状况变化度为"略有变好"等级,生态环境状况波动度为"波动"级别,其余8个市的变化度为"无明显变化"等级,波动度为"稳定"级别;省域EI增加了0.76,生态环境质量呈现稳中向好的趋势。