Ag-PANI/BiOI光催化剂湿法脱除气态单质汞

采用原位光还原和简易化学吸附法制备出新型的三元Ag负载聚苯胺/碘氧化铋（PANI/BiOI）系列光催化剂,在模拟烟气条件下考察了光催化剂的脱汞性能,研究了Ag负载量、反应温度和烟气成分等对脱汞活性的影响,采用N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、TEM、XPS、DRS等技术对光催化剂的物理化学属性进行表征.结果表明：添加PANI后,光催化剂的Hg⁰去除性能大幅提升.负载4wt%的Ag后,Ag（4%）PANI/Bi OI具有约98%的脱汞性能.无机阴离子NO₃^-、Cl^-和SO₄^2-对光催化剂脱汞性能的抑制作用较小,但CO₃^2-对光催化剂的活性抑制作用较大,脱汞效率明显下降至82%.与PANI/BiOI相比,Ag（4%）PANI/Bi OI的比表面积和总孔容增大,表明Ag纳米颗粒高度分散在PANI/Bi OI的表面.Ag-PANI/BiOI显示出较强的光吸收能力.Ag纳米颗粒的添加能显著增强PANI/Bi OI表面e^--h⁺对的有效分离.光催化剂高效脱汞的原因在于PANI、Bi OI之间良好的带隙匹配和Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振（SPR）效应.     

三种含钙物质对土壤砷植物有效性的影响

综述含钙物质（生石灰（CaO）、熟石灰（Ca （OH）₂）及石灰石（CaCO₃））对土壤理化性质（pH值、有机质成分及其含量）、土壤微生物群落结构和As赋存形态及生物有效性的影响与机制,及其对植物As吸收积累和As耐性的影响与机制.综述内容可为准确理解含钙物质影响土壤As的生物有效性和植物对As吸收积累的过程机制,进而合理选择含钙物质调控土壤理化性质降低土壤As生物有效性及其生态环境风险提供理论依据和技术参考,对保障土壤种植安全和作物食品安全具有一定现实意义.     

汉江(丹江口坝下-兴隆段)水体中微塑料的赋存特征

河流作为内陆微塑料进入海洋的重要途径,其微塑料污染问题受到广泛关注. 为了解南水北调中线一期工程调水及梯级水利枢纽运行条件下,汉江(丹江口坝下-兴隆段)水体中微塑料的赋存状况,以该河段河道的表层水体以及王甫洲、崔家营、兴隆水利枢纽库区的表层、中层、底层水体为研究对象,通过野外采样调查,分析水体中微塑料的赋存特征. 结果表明:①汉江(丹江口坝下-兴隆段)表层水体中微塑料丰度的范围为4 467~8 400 n/m3,平均值为(6 260±1 431) n/m3,崔家营和兴隆水利枢纽库区中层水体中微塑料丰度均显著高于表层和底层水体. ②汉江(丹江口坝下-兴隆段)表层水体中微塑料粒径主要分布在[200, 500) μm,占比为42.5%;且随水深增加,微塑料粒径有增大趋势,崔家营水利枢纽库区底层水体、兴隆水利枢纽库区中层及底层水体中微塑料粒径均以[500, 1 000) μm为主. ③汉江(丹江口坝下-兴隆段)表层水体中观测到的微塑料以纤维状为主,占比为65.2%,但微塑料形状在水利枢纽库区随水深发生显著性变化,即随水深增加,纤维状的微塑料占比下降,碎片状的微塑料占比增加. ④汉江(丹江口坝下-兴隆段)表层水体中微塑料聚合物类型以尼龙为主,占比约为65.9%,但王甫洲、崔家营、兴隆水利枢纽库区中层及底层水体中尼龙的占比均有所下降,平均值分别为57.3%和43.1%. 研究显示,水利枢纽库区中的微塑料有在水体中层聚集的趋势,其粒径、形状和材质在不同水层的分布也有所不同,今后还需要对微塑料在水利枢纽库区中的沉降机制进行深入研究,以系统揭示微塑料在水利枢纽运行条件下的环境行为与输移规律.      

Flow depth,velocity, and sediment motions in a straight widened channel with vegetated floodplains

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Experiments were conducted in a straight channel that widens from a single channel to a compound channel based on a real navigation channel with a similar shape in a...     

Homogeneous and heterogeneous photolysis of nitrate in the atmosphere: state of the science,current research needs,and future prospects

● Recent advances in the photolysis of nitrate/HNO₃ are reviewed. ● Mechanisms and key factors affecting the photolysis of nitrate/HNO₃ are summarized. ● Atmospheric implications and future research recommendations are provided. Nitrate is an important component of atmospheric particulate matter and affects air quality, climate, human health, and the ecosystem. Nitrate was previously considered a permanent sink for nitrogen oxides (NO_x). However, this viewpoint has been challenged in recent years because growing research evidence has shown the transformation of nitrate into NO_x (i.e., renoxification). The photolysis of nitrate/HNO₃, especially in the particulate phase or adsorbed on particles, can be a significant renoxification process in the atmosphere. The formation and photolysis of nitrate in aerosol not only change the diurnal variation of NO_x, but also provide long-distance transport of NO_x in the form of nitrate, which affects local and regional atmospheric chemistry and air quality. This review summarizes recent advances in the fundamental understanding of the photolysis of nitrate/HNO₃ under various atmospheric conditions, with a focus on mechanisms and key factors affecting the process. The atmospheric implications are discussed and future research is recommended.     

草原生态补奖政策对农牧民牲畜养殖规模的影响——基于生计分化的调节效应分析

实现对牲畜养殖规模的有效管控是草原生态补奖政策成败的关键。在农牧民生计分化日益加深的背景下,探讨草原生态补奖政策与生计分化对农牧民牲畜养殖规模的影响,对于完善草原生态补奖政策,实现草原生态保护与农牧民生计转换的有机结合具有重要的现实意义。本文阐释了草原生态补奖政策影响农牧民牲畜养殖规模的机理,并引入生计分化变量,基于实地调研获取的317份农牧交错区农牧民微观数据,运用最小二乘回归和分位数回归实证分析了草原生态补奖政策对农牧民牲畜养殖规模的影响以及生计分化在草原生态补奖政策影响农牧民牲畜养殖规模中的调节效应。研究结果表明:①补奖金额与牲畜养殖规模之间存在稳健的“倒U型”关系,表明补奖政策在短期内对牲畜数量的增加具有积极的促进作用,但随着补奖金额的增加,促进作用将逐渐减弱,最终趋于抑制。②根据非农牧收入占比和生计对牧业生产依赖程度的差异可将农牧民分为牧业为主型、农业为主型、均衡型、高兼型和深兼型五种类型农牧民。③农牧民生计分化对牲畜养殖规模的扩大具有抑制作用,且在草原生态补奖政策与牲畜养殖规模二者关系中具有调节作用。即在“倒U型”曲线的左侧,生计分化能够弱化草原生态补奖政策对牲畜养殖规模扩大的促进作用;在“倒U型”曲线的右侧,生计分化能够促使补奖金额对牲畜养殖规模的负向影响趋于放缓,有助于避免因补奖金额的增加引致牲畜养殖数量的锐减。根据以上结论,建议政府应进一步提高补奖标准以增强补奖弥补损失的有效性,重视发挥农牧民生计分化在牲畜养殖规模调控中的作用。     

The impact of natural disasters on household debt: evidence from 2014 China family panel studies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Based on data from the 2014 China Family Panel Studies, we investigate the causal relationship between natural disasters and household debt using...     

The in situ catalytic oxidation of sulfamethoxazole via peroxydisufate activation operated in a NG/rGO/CNTs composite membrane filtration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Metal-free carbonaceous composite membranes have been proven to effectively drive novel in situ catalytic oxidation for the degradation of organic...     

基于环境DNA技术的江苏省鱼类群落监测应用初探

鱼类是水生生态系统生物多样性的重要组成部分,为了解江苏省地表水监测断面鱼类群落结构特征,利用环境DNA宏条形码技术对2020年4-5月江苏省148个地表水监测断面的鱼类群落进行了调查.在环境DNA样品中共检测到鱼类可操作分类单元(OTU)418个,共注释到10目14科32属46种,其中鲤形目的鱼类有27种,序列占比达8...