泡沫-细水雾雾场特性的试验研究

为了研究泡沫-细水雾与细水雾雾场特性的差异,建立了泡沫-细水雾和细水雾雾场测定系统.利用高速摄像技术、激光器偏光技术、激光粒度分析技术分别对中压工况下的泡沫-细水雾和细水雾雾场参数进行了试验研究.结果表明,雾场形态均保持标准的圆锥状,细水雾和泡沫-细水雾雾场边缘雾化效果较好,雾化效果向中心逐渐变差.系统工作压力对泡沫-细水雾的雾化锥角影响较大,工作压力为1.0 MPa时雾化锥角为51°,工作压力为3.5 MPa时增大到80°.不同压力下细水雾的雾化锥角变化较小,约为80°.泡沫-细水雾锥体中心处的雾流密度与系统工作压力成反比,压力越高,雾场的保护半径越大,雾滴分布越均匀.1.0MPa、1.5 MPa、2.0 MPa、2.5 MPa压力下泡沫-细水雾锥体中心处的雾流密度均大于细水雾锥体中心处的雾流密度.泡沫-细水雾雾滴粒径分布呈现随距喷头垂直距离增大而增大的总体特征,由于泡沫-细水雾雾滴的发泡作用,泡沫-细水雾雾场的雾滴粒径在喷头正下方10～100 cm处均大于细水雾雾场的雾滴粒径.     

膜序批式反应器污染物去除特性研究

实验采取厌/好氧交替运行方式,实验室人工配水,研究了MSBR对COD、NH4+-N、浊度的去除特性,研究结果表明,MSBR污泥具有较高的活性,对COD、NH4+-N的去除率在95%以上,对浊度的去除率在97%以上。     

基于循环经济的产品可持续发展研究

高新技术的迅速发展和市场环境的不断变化导致了产品更新换代速度的加快,加剧了资源消耗和环境污染。而基于循环经济的特征,开展产品可持续发展理论研究,可以指导产品自身的可持续协调发展,使产品由生产后的静态使用发展到性能或功能的可持续生长,可持续满足市场的全维需求。初步探讨了产品可持续发展的相关内涵、现状及其哲学意义,并分析了产品可持续发展的主要研究内容,对基于循环经济特点的产品可持续发展模式提出了初步讨论。     

中韩环境影响评价制度比较与评析

对韩国EIA制度产生、发展,体系及公众参与等方面进行了阐述,同时分析了我国EIA制度立法、审批程序及分类管理等内容,在此基础上对两国的EIA体系进行比较,对我国EIA制度存在的问题提出建议.     

火电厂空冷机组水耗及煤耗性能分析

采用空冷机组是解决富煤贫水地区发电的有效措施,在中国西北部运用有着极为实际的意义,因此对中国燃煤电厂空冷机组的节水性能进行定量分析也具有现实意义。文章从国内外火电厂直接空冷机组与间接空冷机组发展的历史过程出发,在对近100个不同等级、不同冷却方式的火电项目样本进行统计分析的基础上,分别对直接空冷、间接空冷机组与常规火电机组的水耗及煤耗性能进行定量分析与比较,得出相应的水耗及煤耗结果,给出了水耗与煤耗的相关性,并给出相应的火电厂节水建议。     

链格孢菌菌株致病性及其遗传差异性

对分离自紫茎泽兰的19个链格孢菌菌株的致病性进行了比较研究，并对这19个菌株和其它来源的3个菌株的5．8S rDNA及其两侧的ITS1区和ITS2区进行了序列分析．结果显示，链格孢菌菌株的致病性差异明显；21株链格孢菌菌株在5．8SrDNA及其两侧的转录问区（ITS区）的序列无差异，而与百日草链格孢菌（Alternaria zinnine）的序列差异显著，表明21株链格孢菌菌株属种内变异．采用AFLP分子标记技术对21株链格孢菌的DNA扩增片段长度多态性进行了分析，结果表明，链格孢菌自然变异群体内存在很高的遗传多样性．链格孢菌菌株的相似性与菌株的地理来源有一定的相关性，但基于AFLP标记划分的AFLP类群与基于寄主病情指数划分的致病力类群问关系不相一致；起始菌株与变异菌株相似性显著，但二者和致病性的关系不显著．图2表1参18     

基于16S rDNA-DGGE和FDC技术对富营养化湖泊不同生态修复工程区细菌群落结构的研究

于2005年10月在太湖梅梁湾水体生态修复工程区中采集不同生物净化区水样,直接提取水样中的总DNA,以细菌16SrDNA通用引物进行V3区PCR扩增,PCR产物经DGGE(变性凝胶梯度电泳)分离后,获得水体细菌群落的16S rDNA指纹图谱;并运用FDC(表面荧光直接计数)方法对不同生物净化区的细菌丰度进行了测定.结果表明,随着净化处理程度的增加,细菌群落多样性呈现上升趋势,DGGE条带从未实施生态修复的梅梁湾中的13条上升到沉水植物恢复区的25条;细菌数量的变化则呈现显著下降趋势,由工程区外围(重富营养区)的5.36×106cells/mL下降到生态修复区的2.06×106cells/mL.生态修复工程的实施改善了水体的生境条件,提高了水体的自净能力,促进了细菌多样性的恢复.图6表1参40     

Influence of modified soils on the removal of diesel fuel oil from water and the growth of oil degradation micro-organism

Three soils were modified with two kinds of cationic surfactants in order to increase their sorptive capabilities for organic contaminants. Sorption of diesel fuel oil in water by these modified soils had been investigated. Modified soils can effectively sorb diesel fuel oil from water. The sorption capability of modified soils is: HDTMA-black soil > HDTMA-yellow brown soil > HDTMA-red soil > TMA-black soil > TMA-yellow brown soil > TMA-red soil. Sorption of diesel fuel oil by natural soils and HDTMA modified soils is via partition, the sorption isotherms can be expressed by Henry equation, and logK(SOM) is 2.42-2.80, logK(HDTMA) is 3.37-3.60. Sorption isotherms of TMA modified soils can be expressed by Langmuir equation, the saturation sorption capacities are 1150 (TMA-black soil), 750 (TMA-yellow-brown soil), 171 mg/kg (TMA-red soil), respectively. A diesel fuel oil degradation micro-organism (Pseudomonas sp.) was isolated in the lab. To test the influence of the modified soils on the micro-organism, various growth curves of Pseudomonas in different conditions were drawn. Pseudomonas can grow very well with natural soils and TMA modified soils. The acclimation period of Pseudomonas is reduced. As to HDTMA modified soils, HDTMA loading amount is very important. When HDTMA loading amount is no higher than 0.5 CEC, the micro-organism can grow very well after a long acclimation period.     

Relationship between the extractable metals from soils and metals taken up by maize roots and shoots

Two extraction procedures, i.e. a single extraction procedure using low-molecular-weight-organic-acids (LMWOAs) as extractant and a sequential extraction procedure recommended by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), were performed to extract metal fractions from wet rhizosphere soil. And the extracted soil solutions were further fractionated as colloidal and truly dissolved fractions. Heavy metals in maize roots were experimentally defined as metals adsorbed on cell wall and metals taken up by cross-membrane by washing with CaCl(2). The correlation coefficients between extractable metals from soil and taken up by maize roots and shoots were compared between two extraction methods, and a good correlation was obtained if LMWOAs were used. In contrast, the correlation coefficients were poor when the BCR method was used.     

物候学在生态监测中的应用

本文介绍了物候学以及物候观测的主要方法,对物候学与生态监测的关系以及在生态监测中的应用进行了探讨.