高压水射流粉碎的压力释放效应

高压水射流粉碎是一个对物料颗粒加压后再将压力释放的过程 ,在这一过程中由于颗粒受压存储的弹性应变能的迅速释放 ,使颗粒以拉应力形式破坏实现颗粒的压力释放粉碎。笔者的理论分析和实验研究表明 :当压力达到某一值后释放 ,可以实现颗粒的破裂粉碎 ;实现压力释放粉碎作用的应力低于材料的抗压强度 ,但高于材料的抗拉强度 ;而且压力越高 ,粉碎效果越好。该研究成果为探索高压水射流粉碎机理和粉碎实践提供了有力的依据。     

包气带土层的反硝化强度测定方法研究

包气带土层的反硝化作用影响因素复杂,目前尚无较好的反硝化强度测定方法.本文经比较,选择以"地中渗透土层加底物消失平衡法"为参照,改进为向构建的田间渗透箱(柱)原状土层施入一定的硝态氮液态肥料,并配合同步测试土壤的有机氮矿化量、微生物固持无机氮量以及氮挥发量、作物吸收氮值等,再与土层的硝态氮净输入量、本底量、末期量及铵氮...     

禽畜粪便减量化处理技术初探

随着中国养殖业的迅速发展,禽畜粪便的排放数量逐年增加。据统计,禽畜粪尿排放量每头牛为55kg/d~65 kg/d,每头猪为3.5 kg/d~11.0 kg/d,每只鸡为0.10 kg/d~0.15 kg/d,每只羊为2.66 kg/d。大量的禽畜粪便不经处理而排入环境,将会对地表水、地下水、土壤和空气造成严重的污染,并危及禽畜本身及人体健康。因此,实现禽畜粪便的减量化、无害化及资源化,防止和消除养殖场粪便的污染及其利用问题的研究,对于生态环境的保护、实施可持续发展战略都具有十分重要的意义。本试验利用日本JST赠送的生态厕所反应装置为试验设备,分别以木屑和木屑与秸秆混合物为微生物载体,对牛粪便进行减量化处理技术研究。旨在为研究中国农业的玉米作物秸秆是否可以替代木屑作为反应过程中的调理剂,达到对禽畜养殖业粪便良好的减量化处理效果,减轻对环境的污染,同时也为中国大量的农作物秸秆寻找另一条资源化利用途径。     

一体化平板膜装置回收靛蓝染料的小试研究

文章采用自主研发的一体化平板膜靛蓝回收装置对印染废水进行了小试研究。此工艺采用投加H2O2氧化染液的方式析出靛蓝结晶并采用平板膜处理的方式不断浓缩靛蓝并将浓缩液回用于染色工段,保证了染料回用的效果。对装置中预处理单元,氧化单元,膜过滤单元等主．要参数进行了优化。研究结果表明．该装置氧化单元H2O2最佳投加量为15ml／L,最佳氧化pH=3;最佳过膜条件pH=4,连续曝气,开停比4：3;膜清洗采用水力冲洗后NaC10浸泡2h的方法,通量恢复近100％。在该最佳工况下,装置不仅能够高效回收靛蓝染料,回收效率达到99．5％,同时废水水质得到极大改善,SS平均去除93．9％,浊度下降100％,色度下降98．4％。     

Enhanced hepatotoxicity induced by repeated exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in combination in male rats

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are among persistent polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that exist as complex mixtures in the environment worldwide.The present study was attempted to investigate the hepatotoxicity following repeated exposure to TCDD and PCBs in combination in male rats,and to reveal the involvement of potential mechanisms.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to TCDD(10 μg/kg) and Aroclor 1254(10 mg/kg,a representative mixture of PCBs) alone ...     

Real time remote monitoring and pre-warning system for Highway landslide in mountain area

The wire-pulling trigger displacement meter with precision of 1 mm and the grid pluviometer with precision of 0.1 mm are used to monitor the surface displacement and rainfall for Highway slope, and the measured data are transferred to the remote computer in real time by general packet radio service (GPRS) net of China telecom. The wire-pulling trigger displacement meter, grid pluviometer, data acquisition and transmission unit, and solar power supply device are integrated to form a comprehensive monitoring hardware system for Highway landslide in mountain area, which proven to be economical, energy-saving, automatic and high efficient. Meantime, based on the map and geographic information system (MAPGIS) platform, the software system is also developed for three dimensional (3D) geology modeling and visualization, data inquiring and drawing, stability calculation, displacement forecasting, and real time pre-warning. Moreover, the pre-warning methods based on monitoring displacement and rainfall are discussed. The monitoring and forecasting system for Highway landslide has been successfully applied in engineering practice to provide security for Highway transportation and construction and reduce environment disruption.     

淀粉及改性淀粉的阻垢性能测试

实验利用浓硫酸氧化淀粉制备了改性淀粉,其颜色为棕红色;然后在不同浓度、温度、Ca2+浓度、pH下,对淀粉及改性淀粉的阻垢性能进行了测试.结果发现,淀粉高效阻垢的最佳浓度为8 mg/L,最佳温度为70℃,在此最佳浓度、最佳温度下对应阻垢效率为23.3%;改性淀粉高效阻垢的最佳浓度为0.61 mg/L,最佳温度为80℃,在...     

异种结构材料电偶腐蚀及防护技术的研究现状及发展方向

从包括阴阳极、电位、偶对间距在内的材料自身因素,以及包括含氧量、温度、流动状态在内的环境因素两个方面,综述了异种结构材料电偶腐蚀的主要影响因素。探讨了目前国内外针对异种结构材料电偶腐蚀预防措施的研究现状,对比了国内外针对设计制造阶段和服役使用阶段的不同电偶腐蚀预防措施,最后指出我国在电偶腐蚀预防方面,规范、标准和措施匮乏以及存在的其他问题,并为接下来电偶腐蚀及防护技术的发展方向提出了建议,指出需要进一步研究实际结构因素对异种材料电偶腐蚀的影响机理和规律,并提出典型耦接件的腐蚀防护技术途径。     

A new polystyrene-latex-based and EPS-containing synthetic sludge

Since the living microorganisms in activated sludge continuously change, it is difficult to conduct controlled experiments and achieve reproducible results for evaluating sludge characteristics. Synthetic sludge, as a chemical surrogate to activated sludge, could be used to investigate the sludge physicochemical properties, and it is desirable to prepare synthetic sludge with similar structure and properties to real activated sludge to explore the flocculation and settlement processes in activated sludge systems. In this work, a high-strength synthetic sludge was prepared with functional polystyrene latex particles as the framework and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to modify its surface. The flocculation and settling characteristics of the microspheres and the prepared synthetic sludge were tested. Compared with other three functional polystyrene latex microspheres, the synthetic sludge prepared with EPS-modified polystyrene latex microspheres showed good settling characteristics and a significantly higher strength. They could be used for studying the physicochemical properties of activated sludge.     

G213沿线茂县-汶川段地质灾害遥感调查及影像特征分析

2008年5月12日,四川省汶川发生的Ms8.0大地震及由地震引发的地质灾害使汶川县与茂县交通、通信全部中断,房屋倒塌、农田被毁,给基础设施造成了巨大的损失,尤其沿G213国道岷江流域地质灾害非常严重。在213国道茂县-汶川段,大量的崩滑体损毁了公路路基,加之部分路段塌方,道路彻底中断。地质灾害对河流、道路及各类工程建筑毁坏严重,对生态环境造成了严重破坏。运用常规调查方法给减灾救灾带来了很大困难,很难满足时效性。文中在对航空遥感数据、TM遥感影像等多源数据协同处理的基础上,对G213国道茂县-汶川段进行了调查分析,宏观显示地质灾害对居民点、河流、电站、耕地等造成了巨大破坏与威胁,为抗震救灾、地质灾害评估和灾后重建提供了基础数据和技术支撑,提高了应急速度。