基于HJ1A-CCD数据的高光谱影像重构研究

遥感影像高光谱重构可以从较少的光谱波段还原出丰富的高光谱信息,为水环境遥感提供更加适用的数据源,对内陆水体水色遥感具有重要意义.利用2009年6月13日获取的HJ1A-HSI和HJ1A-CCD数据,构建HJ1A-CCD数据的高光谱重构模型,重构结果表明:①与地面实测数据相比,重构数据和HJ1A-HSI数据在660～900 nm波长范围内的平均相对误差分别为0.305 1和0.337 7;②重构影像信息熵和平均梯度都高于HJ1A-HSI影像.此外,分别利用HJ1A-HSI数据和重构数据建立叶绿素a浓度的三波段反演模型,发现重构数据能得到更高的反演精度.     

基于LMDI的中国二氧化硫排放区域变化的因素分解

运用LMDI方法将中国SO2排放变化分解为规模效应、区域经济结构效应、能源强度效应、能源结构效应、产污系数效应和污染治理效应六个因素,并进行了东、中、西和东北四个地区的差异分解分析。结果表明：规模效应是造成各地区SO2排放增加的最重要原因,不同地区不同时段SO2排放的减排因素不同。1999―2003年间,东部、中部地区能源结构和产污系数的减排效应显著,西部、东北地区能源强度和产污系数效应突出;2003―2006年间,东中西部污染治理和产污系数减排效应明显,东北地区能源效率减排贡献大;2006―2009年间,东部、中部的污染治理和能源效率减排贡献突出,西部的产污系数效应和污染治理作用显著,东北的产污系数和能源强度效应突出。建议按照不同地区结合实际情况实行灵活的减排政策。     

Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

● The emission reduction causes significant change in organic aerosol composition. ● The atmospheric oxidizing capacity improved during emission reduction. ● The mixed oxygenated organic aerosol contributed higher during emission reduction. Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with complex composition and formation processes influenced by various factors. Emission reduction can alter both precursors and oxidants which further affects secondary OA formation. Here we provide an observational analysis of secondary OA (SOA) variation properties in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of eastern China in response to large scale of emission reduction during Chinese New Year (CNY) holidays from 2015 to 2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic period from January to March, 2020. We found a 17% increase of SOA proportion during the COVID lockdown. The relative enrichment of SOA is also found during multi-year CNY holidays with dramatic reduction of anthropogenic emissions. Two types of oxygenated OA (OOA) influenced by mixed emissions and SOA formation were found to be the dominant components during the lockdown in YRD region. Our results highlight that these emission-reduction-induced changes in organic aerosol need to be considered in the future to optimize air pollution control measures.     

胶州湾表层水体中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征和生态风险

以胶州湾为研究区域,选取15种常用邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalate esters,PAEs）作为检测目标,采用搅拌棒吸附萃取-气相色谱质谱联用的方法,于2015年8月和11月以及2016年1月对胶州湾开展3次大面积调查,检测分析了胶州湾表层水体中PAEs的含量、组成、空间分布和季节变化,同时对胶州湾水体中PAEs进行了风险评价.结果表明：①2015年8月和11月、2016年1月胶州湾表层海水中PAEs的总浓度范围分别为3.63~21.20、2.24~12.60和0.01~4.15μg·L^-1,平均浓度分别为11.10、5.26和0.80 μg·L^-1.②受入海径流和洋流影响,胶州湾表层水体中PAEs浓度表现出近岸高,远岸低,且总体东岸浓度高于西岸.与国内外其他研究相比,胶州湾表层水体中PAEs含量处于中等水平,但在海洋中属于污染较严重的海域.33个季节PAEs浓度分布差异较大,受降雨量等因素影响整体呈现夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季的趋势,③个季节主要检出种类均为DBP、BBP和DEHP.④生态风险评估结果表明,胶州湾各站位DBP的风险商值（RQ）均大于1,即生态风险较大,其他PAEs（RQ<1）风险较小.PAEs已成为胶州湾中一类具有潜在威胁的有机污染物,其在环境中的行为和生态危害仍需进一步研究.     

Longitudinal increases in PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations in human milk in northern China

There is a dearth of information on the temporal changes in polychlorinated dibenzodioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) contamination, in both environmental and biological specimens, in China. We compared the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in human milk collected in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, in northern China in 2002 (n=30) and 2007 (n=20). The level of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs showed an increasing trend. The mean concentrations of PCDD/Fs plus dl-PCBs were 4.47 TEQ pg g(-1) fat and 6.24 TEQ pg g(-1) fat in human milk from Shijiazhuang in 2002 and in 2007, respectively. Based on statistical analysis of questionnaire data collected by in-person interviews with mothers, we found positive correlations between consumption of sea fish and PCDFs. The PCDDs, PCDFs, PCDD/Fs, and PCDD/Fs plus dl-PCBs levels in individuals consuming greater amounts of sea fish were higher than those consuming less sea fish, both with and without adjustments for potential confounding factors. Among 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs, the 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF congener concentrations in 2007 increased 134%, 55%, 53%, 57%, 65% and 130% when compared to 2002 levels, respectively. The 2007 dl-PCB congener levels were greater than those of the 2002 samples, with the exception of PCB81 and PCB77. Specifically, PCB105, PCB114, PCB118, PCB123 and PCB156 had increased greater than twofold from 2002 to 2007. Continuous surveillance of PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels in human milk is needed to accurately evaluate both environmental contamination and the human health risk to neonates in China.     

铜绿假单胞菌NY3所产表面活性剂对原油降解的影响

铜绿假单胞菌NY3是从石油污染土壤中分离出的一株能快速代谢疏水性化合物的菌种。研究了该菌产表面活性剂及对原油降解的作用。实验表明,在敞开体系中,投加82 mg/L NY3菌产的鼠李糖脂,240 h能使NY3对原油的降解率提高50%。投加甘油使NY3产鼠李糖脂与降解原油同步进行,与投加鼠李糖脂对原油降解的促进作用相近。投加9‰甘油使NY3在168 h对原油的降解率提高43%。NY3菌能同时降解原油中的直链烷烃及菲(Pr)和芘(Ph)等多环芳烃。在敞开体系中用少量甘油使产鼠李糖脂和降解原油同步进行,节约处理费用。研究结果为NY3菌株在露天石油污染环境修复中的应用奠定了基础。     

基于格局-过程理论的非点源污染实证研究:以黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失为例

非点源污染是影响地表环境的主要污染方式之一.针对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区水土流失这一典型的非点源污染问题,应用非点源污染的空间识别方法———景观空间负荷对比指数和景观坡度指数,对黄土高原泾河流域12个子流域进行了实证研究.结果表明,耕地、低覆盖度草地和各种林地的景观坡度指数和景观空间负荷对比指数对流域土壤侵蚀模数有显著的响应关系,对径流深度存在着一定的响应关系,而对径流变异系数和侵蚀变异系数没有明显的响应.说明景观空间负荷对比指数和景观坡度指数对流域水土流失具有一定的指示作用,可作为水土流失等非点源污染空间风险评价的1个有用方法.     

徐州市大气PM2.5与O3作用关系的季节变化

通过2013~2017年徐州市环境监测资料分析季风影响下主要大气复合污染物PM_2.5和O₃的相关性,并基于气象观测资料进一步探究PM_2.5和O₃相互作用机制的季节变化特征.结果表明：夏季风季节,PM_2.5和O₃呈正相关,相关系数高达0.56;冬季风季节,PM_2.5和O₃呈负相关,相关系数为-0.34,均通过了99%的置信检验,表明徐州市PM_2.5和O₃相互作用呈现相反的季节变化.夏季风季节,太阳辐射强,气温较高,大气氧化性较强,O₃主导大气氧化性,大气氧化性通过促进二次颗粒物生成使得PM_2.5浓度升高,夏季风季节以O₃对PM_2.5的促进作用主导城市大气复合污染变化;冬季风季节,太阳辐射弱,气温较低,大气氧化性较弱,高浓度的PM_2.5削弱太阳辐射抑制大气光化学,导致O₃生成率降低,冬季风季节以PM_2.5对O₃的抑制作用主导城市大气复合污染变化.     

Cerebellar injury induced by cadmium via disrupting the heat-shock response

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) is a food contaminant that poses serious threats to animal health, including birds. It is also an air pollutant with well-known...