伊犁地区维吾尔民族氟斑牙研究

应用环境流行病学原理和方法，就可能导致伊犁地区维吾尔民族中发现的氟斑牙的环境化学因子，存在于食物、大气、水、土壤的诸介质进行了调查，并进行了环境因子效应的研究，发现维吾尔民族尿氟较高，平均为２．１９ｍｇ／Ｌ，波动范围为：１．６５～６．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ氟斑牙在维吾尔民族中呈散在发生（２％），总氟摄入量为１０．７５ｍｇ，奶茶中过量氟摄入为主要贡献。     

Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China

The problem of pollution by phthalates is of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disruption properties. The contamination by phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in 23 arable soils throughout China was investigated to evaluate the present pollution situation. The survey results demonstrated that phthalates were ubiquitous pollutants in soils in China. The total concentrations of phthalates differed from one location to another, and ranged from 0.89 to 10.03 mg kg(-1) with a median concentration of 3.43 mg kg(-1). Among the phthalates, DEHP was dominant and detected in all 23 soils. DEP and DBP were also in abundance, and DMP was rarely detected. Similar contamination patterns were observed in all 23 soils. A distinct feature of phthalate pollution in China was that the average concentration in northern China was higher than that in southern China. In addition, a close relationship was observed between the concentration of phthalates in soils and the consumption of agricultural film. The correlation showed that the application of agriculture film might be a significant pollution source of phthalates in arable soils of China. The potential risk of phthalates in soils was assessed on the basis of current guide values and limits.     

二噁英类等环境激素污染物的来源监测调查

二英类对环境的污染及对内分泌的干扰作用已引起世界各国的广泛关注。本文叙述了水中二英类的来源 ,在食物链中的迁移、生物富集、生物放大及日本环境空气、土壤、水、底质及生物 ,食品中二英类的存在情况。还报道了世界各国二英类发生源及大致排放量。本文还介绍了目前在国外通用的二英等环境激素类物质的监测分析方法及我国制定此类监测分析方法应考虑的基本问题。     

Evaluating the Efficiency of Coagulation in the Removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon from Reservoir Water using Fluorescence and Ultraviolet Photometry

The present study used ultraviolet absorption (UVa) and the florescence intensity (FI) to evaluate the coagulation efficiency for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the raw water from Min-Ter, Li-Yu-Ten and Yun-Ho-Shen reservoirs in Taiwan. The results indicated that the ratio of DOC removal rate and FI removal rate was maintained at about 1 at various coagulant dosages. However, the ratio of DOC removal rate and UVa removal rate decreased as the coagulant dosage increased. In addition, after coagulation, the use of florescence intensity instead of total organic carbon (TOC) is better than UVa for measuring the DOC removal rate of the raw waters gathered in different months from the three reservoirs. Furthermore, a good linear relationship between florescence intensity and DOC removal rate was observed, and the DOC/FI ratio of raw water from each reservoir can be used to predict the DOC residual concentration after enhanced coagulation. This result shows that fluorescence analysis can be used for on-line and continuous monitoring the effectiveness of organic matter removal in water treatment.     

悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定土壤、底泥中的铅、镓、钴、镍

介绍一种悬浮液进样直接测定土壤、底泥中多种微量金属元素的快速分析方法。基体改进剂的使用，适宜的原子化温度的选择，使用水相标准溶液作校准曲线成为可能．对标准作品的测定证明了此方法的精密度和准确度较好，适合于常规环境样品分析．     

珠江咸潮如何治本

咸潮——因海水顺着潮汐倒灌入内江河，导致沿河两岸的水源变咸而得名，这是一种不为内陆民众所熟知的灾害。     

杠杆体坯件冷拔成形工艺及其平直度的研究

此文详细介绍了磅称杠杆坯件冷拔成形工艺过程和工艺参数,分析了生产中存在的翘曲、扭曲、旁弯及瓦形等严重形状缺陷的成因,论述了减少形状缺陷、提高平直度的工艺技术措施。     

红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)对Cu2+和Ag+的吸收

通过对桡足类动物红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)分别在Cu2 、Ag 、Cu2 Ag 混合溶液中的暴露实验,测定了其对Cu2 、Ag 的吸收速率常数、排出速率常数,并对Cu2 和Ag 在动物体内的分布状况进行了分析.结果表明,在单金属暴露的条件下,红纺锤水蚤对Cu2 、Ag 的吸收速度分别为1.09×104L·g-1·d-1、3.31×104L·g-1·d-1,排出速率常数分别为0.096 d-1、0.1056 d-1.而在Cu2 Ag 的混合暴露体系中,红纺锤水蚤对Cu2 、Ag 的吸收速率分别下降到9.17×103 L·g-1·d-1、2.87×104L·g-1-d-1,Cu2 和Ag 的排出速度常数则分别降到0.084 d-1和0.1008 d-1.动态模型的模拟结果表明,Cu2 和Ag 存在一定程度的拮抗作用.与暴露在单金属溶液中的红纺锤水蚤相比较,在暴露于Cu2 、Ag 混合体系中动物体内的非极性部分所占的比重明显增加,说明其在食物链中对于上一营养级的生物有效性将明显增加.     

油田高盐浓度废水对其生化处理的影响

根据油田压裂液废水中的盐浓度对生化处理系统的影响,对生化处理系统中活性污泥的生物学变化规律进行了实验研究。结果表明:当废水中盐浓度低于2.5×104mg/L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在92%左右,污泥活性良好;当废水中盐浓度达到2.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降(稳定在80%左右);当盐浓度达到3.5×104mg/L时,COD去除率下降到60%左右;当废水中盐浓度达到6.0×104mg/L时,污泥活性系统趋于崩溃。     

镉对鲫鱼鳃和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

使用浸浴法以 0 mg/ L、0 .73 mg/ L、1 .46 mg/ L、2 .95 mg/ L 4个镉 (Cd Cl2 · 2 .5H2 O)浓度为丰产鲫 (Carassiusauratus of Penze(♀ )× Cyprinusacutidorsalis(♂ ) )幼鱼染毒 ,测定了 1 4 4 h内鳃及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的变化。结果表明 ,低浓度组Cd曝露时 ,鲫鱼鳃和肝组织中 SOD活性的变化短时间内不明显 ,但随着处理时间的延长 ,Cd提高了鳃和肝组织中 SOD的活性 ,导致“毒物兴奋效应”。高浓度组 Cd曝露时均抑制了肝和鳃中的 SOD活性 ,其作用随着曝露时间的延长和浓度的升高而增强 ,SOD酶活性降低所造成的活性氧伤害是引起鲫幼鱼死亡的重要原因。肝组织中的 SOD酶活性和敏感性高于鳃 ,这与其执行的生理功能有关