海西城市群灰霾天气特征及其影响因子分析

利用2005-2010年海西21个城市常规气象观测资料和大气污染物浓度资料,分析了灰霾的时空分布规律和主要影响因子。结果表明:各城市间灰霾发生总天数存在明显差异,两个高发区在以福州、漳州为代表的闽中、闽南地区,少发区位于闽东北。1-4月是灰霾的高发期,10-12月是次高发期;春季霾日最多,其次是冬季,夏季和秋季较少。灰霾的产生不仅与天气条件有关,还与城市地形、大气复合污染有关。受低涡锋面、台风等降水系统影响,不会出现灰霾,非降水天气系统下均有可能出现,其中在锋前暖区和地面倒槽影响下灰霾出现率最高。秋冬季灰霾的出现与冷空气的强弱有关;春季与西南暖湿气流的强弱有关,夏季与副热带高压的进退有关。     

不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对A549细胞毒性作用的比较

讨论并比较了不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对人肺癌上皮细胞A549的毒性作用.通过采样器MOUDI分级捕获不同粒径的汽车尾气颗粒物,再分别以0、50、100、200、400 μg·mL^-1的浓度及不同粒径的尾气颗粒物对A549细胞染毒48 h,然后用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法 检测颗粒物对细胞活力的影响,用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法测定细胞膜完整性的改变,用超氧化物歧化酶（Super oxide dismutase,SOD）及丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）试剂盒测定细胞的氧化应激水平及氧化损伤.结果显示：染毒浓度为50 μg·mL^-1时,各粒径染毒组与对照组,以及各粒径染毒组之间细胞生存率的差异均不显著（p>0.05）;染毒浓度为100~400 μg·mL^-1时,与对照组相比,各粒径汽车尾气颗粒物均以剂量依赖的方式引起细胞存活率降低（p<0.05）;同一染毒浓度下,PM_0.18~1.00组抑制细胞增殖的能力、破坏细胞膜完整性的能力及引起胞内氧化应激水平升高的能力均显著强于PM_1.00~3.20组,其中,PM_0.56~1.00组毒性最大.与对照组相比,各粒径染毒组胞内MDA含量均上升（p<0.05）,其中,PM_0.56~1.00组胞内MDA含量最高,其他粒径染毒组彼此之间的MDA含量差异不显著（p>0.05）.因此,汽车尾气颗粒物可抑制A549细胞增殖功能,破坏细胞膜的完整性,引起细胞氧化应激及膜脂质的过氧化损伤.不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对细胞的损伤作用有所差异,PM_0.18~1.00的毒性强于PM_1.00~3.20,而PM_0.56~1.00的毒性又强于PM_0.18~0.56.     

Incineration of kitchen waste with high nitrogen in vortexing fluidized-bed incinerator and its NO emission characteristics

Some municipal solid waste (MSW) can be used as the fuel. Combustion of MSW with high nitrogen content is successfully conducted in a lab-scale vortexing fluidized-bed incinerator (VFBI). Pigskin with 16.5 wt.% nitrogen content was used to simulate the high nitrogen content kitchen waste, and silica sand was used as the bed material. The effects of operating conditions, such as the bed temperature, freeboard temperature, excess oxygen ratio, and static bed height on the CO and NO concentrations at the exit of combustor and cyclone were investigated. The experimental results show that the freeboard temperature is the most important factor for CO emission. The order of operating conditions impact on the NO emission is: (1) excess oxygen ratio; (2) bed temperature; (3) freeboard temperature; and (4) static bed height. Utilizing cyclone can significantly reduce the CO emission concentration when the CO concentration released from the freeboard is higher than 50 ppm. On the other hand, the cyclone has no significant effect on the NO emission. Despite having high nitrogen content, a low conversion from fuel-N to NO was attained. Compared with other types of combustors, VFBI reduces the CO and NO emission concentrations much better when burning MSW with high nitrogen content.     

环境保护中的社会工作介入——以呼和浩特市回民区环境污染的防治为例

本文以呼市回民区为例,探索环境保护中的社会工作介入,认为社会工作者应进行中间协调,发挥桥梁作用;同时进行资源连接,为环境污染的防止争取资源,再次就是加大科技投入,确保环保技术的支持.     

Response of sulfhydryl compounds in subcells of Cladophora rupestris under Pb stress

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to determine the role of sulfhydryl compounds in the subcells of C. rupestris under Pb stress. Different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0,...     

Nexus among biomass consumption,economic growth,and CO2 emission based on the moderating role of biotechnology: evidence from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study seeks to dissect the basic factors that can elucidate the efficiency and innovation in biomass utilization to control carbon dioxide (CO2)...     

Effect of cold exposure and capsaicin on the expression of histone acetylation and Toll-like receptors in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have indicated that capsaicin-rich diet and cold weather have shown strong association with tumor incidence. Thus, we investigated...     

Digitalization and environment: how does ICT affect enterprise environmental performance?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Despite the increasing use of digital technology in industrial production, how industrial digitalization affects the environmental performance of...     

Differentiated emission control strategy based on comprehensive evaluation of multi-media pollution: Case of mercury emission control

In order to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of multi-media mercury pollution under differentiated emission control strategies in China, a literature review and case studies were carried out. Increased human exposure to methylmercury was assessed through the dietary intake of residents in areas surrounding a typical coal-fired power plant and a zinc(Zn) smelter, located either on acid soil with paddy growth in southern China, or on alkaline soil with wheat growth in northern Chi...     

南北向街谷内热不稳定流场日变化规律的模拟研究

城市街谷内热不稳定流动是促进污染物扩散的重要影响因素之一.本文基于街谷内热平衡分析,结合大涡模拟方法,研究了一个南北走向的城市街谷内温度、风场的日变化特征,并分析了壁面对流换热及长波辐射对街谷内环境的影响.结果显示:壁面对流换热是影响街谷内温度、风场的主要因素,而长波辐射的影响非常小,长波辐射引起街谷内空气温度升高不足对流换热影响的10％,而其对平均风速和脉动量的影响更是在2％和1％以内;街谷内空气温度从早上开始逐渐增加,到15:00的时候达到最大,可达311 K(38℃);上午时段,迎风面壁面热浮力减弱街谷内风速,街谷底部和迎风墙侧的脉动量根均方值较大,而下午时段街谷顶部的脉动量根均方值达到最大.街谷内不同位置和不同时段内,通过建筑材料选择和表面结构设计,适当调控建筑壁面的温度,可以促进街谷内温度分布和空气流通改善.