Development of the Greening of Industrial Firms in the Cities along Taihu Lake： A Case Study in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province

Under the globalization, the coastal China becomes a hot area of the international manufacturing investment due to its priority location, excellent environment, lower labor and land costs, etc. However, the fast industrialization has aroused the great demolishment to the local ecological environment. For example, the heavy water eutrophication in Taihu Lake has affected the source of drinking water for the cities around the lake. Anyway, in order to keep the economic increase and reduce the resource ex- pense and pollution at the same time, it is necessary to encourage the greening of industrial enterprises actively for sustainable de- velopment. On the basis of the investigation of industrial enter- prises in Wuxi city within Taihu Basin, the relatively developed region in coastal China, this paper analyzed the development process of green industry. This article concluded that governmen- tal principal is the main pressure for enterprises to protect envi- ronment while the market factor plays a part role. Moreover, en- terprises in the high technology development zone work better in environmental protection than those in the villages and towns, while the large enterprises work better than those small enterprises.     

盐城市沿海的适宜开发空间选择研究

开发空间选择通过辨识适宜开发空间,使得工业发展、城市建设活动尽可能地配置在弱自然生态阻力、强经济引力的空间,实现区域生态、经济效益的最大化。借鉴以往研究,结合案例区特点,建立指标体系,基于乡镇单元,运用GIS工具综合分析盐城市域自然生态阻力和经济引力的空间分异特征,运用矩阵列联分类方法划分空间开发适宜类型,并根据适宜开发空间的地域特点将其分为城市区域和临港区域。研究认为,盐城沿海的适宜开发空间主要分布于204国道沿线的县市城区、部分临近乡镇及沿海陈家港、滨海港、海通镇等地区;临海部分乡镇凭借其资源潜力宜作为临港区域,是未来的主要产业空间载体;其它地区应定位于城市化空间,未来建设用地指标应优先向这些区域投放,引导人口、产业向这些地区的集聚。     

2000年以来中国城市化的发展格局及其与经济发展的相关性

基于对城市化概念的认识,通过测算中国各城市的人口、经济和空间城市化率及其增长速度,运用Arcgis93支持下的热点分析方法,考察2000~2008年中国城市单元城市化水平增长的空间分布特征,揭示了中国城市化的空间模式,认为2000年以来中国的城市化发展热点仍然在东部沿海,主要围绕环渤海和珠三角两大城市化热点城市群,向东北、西北、西南等冷点区中心辐射、梯度推移;城市化的发展速度与地区经济发展水平有一定的空间相关性,但与经济增长格局有较大偏差,现有经济发展水平对于城市化的拉动作用相对经济增长更为明显;城市化空间格局的形成受自然、历史、政策、经济、人口等诸多因素的影响,其作用机制主要包含政府主导的“自上而下”和市场主导的“自下而上”两种道路,未来政府作用将逐渐弱化,推力的主动力地位将进一步强化     

产业集聚向心力和扩散离心力的变化过程——以改革开放以来苏锡常地区制造业聚散为例

整合新经济地理学、现代经济地理学强调的地方化因素,构建了一个包含初始因素、增强因素和扩散因素在内的非均质空间产业集聚的分析框架,采用历史归纳分析方法,深入剖析了影响苏锡常地区制造业集聚、扩散的向心力和离心力及其变化过程。认为,自然条件和地理区位优势、历史积累的地方化因素、接近外部市场是苏锡常地区产业集聚初始向心力;地方政府的作用、集群和网络效应成为外资快速集聚的增强因素;环境污染和生态环境的恶化、要素价格上涨、区域开发重点转移导致向心力和离心力的微妙变化,导致近年来苏锡常地区部分产业呈现扩散趋势,并使得苏锡常地区制造业步入产业升级重要阶段     

不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对A549细胞毒性作用的比较

讨论并比较了不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对人肺癌上皮细胞A549的毒性作用.通过采样器MOUDI分级捕获不同粒径的汽车尾气颗粒物,再分别以0、50、100、200、400 μg·mL^-1的浓度及不同粒径的尾气颗粒物对A549细胞染毒48 h,然后用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法 检测颗粒物对细胞活力的影响,用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法测定细胞膜完整性的改变,用超氧化物歧化酶（Super oxide dismutase,SOD）及丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）试剂盒测定细胞的氧化应激水平及氧化损伤.结果显示：染毒浓度为50 μg·mL^-1时,各粒径染毒组与对照组,以及各粒径染毒组之间细胞生存率的差异均不显著（p>0.05）;染毒浓度为100~400 μg·mL^-1时,与对照组相比,各粒径汽车尾气颗粒物均以剂量依赖的方式引起细胞存活率降低（p<0.05）;同一染毒浓度下,PM_0.18~1.00组抑制细胞增殖的能力、破坏细胞膜完整性的能力及引起胞内氧化应激水平升高的能力均显著强于PM_1.00~3.20组,其中,PM_0.56~1.00组毒性最大.与对照组相比,各粒径染毒组胞内MDA含量均上升（p<0.05）,其中,PM_0.56~1.00组胞内MDA含量最高,其他粒径染毒组彼此之间的MDA含量差异不显著（p>0.05）.因此,汽车尾气颗粒物可抑制A549细胞增殖功能,破坏细胞膜的完整性,引起细胞氧化应激及膜脂质的过氧化损伤.不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对细胞的损伤作用有所差异,PM_0.18~1.00的毒性强于PM_1.00~3.20,而PM_0.56~1.00的毒性又强于PM_0.18~0.56.     

基于信息熵和数据包络分析的区域土地利用结构评价

土地利用结构评价是地理学、统计学支撑的区域可持续发展研究的重要课题。旨在运用新的方法和视角评估土地利用结构的合理性。以常州市武进区土地利用结构作为研究对象,以该区的16个乡镇作为评估的单元,研究区独特的区位和土地利用结构为课题研究提供了天然的实验室。在宏观层面上,运用信息熵理论对区域土地利用结构的有序性、均衡度、优势度进行了分析,结果表明常州市武进区土地利用结构有序性具有明显的空间差异,这种差异跟各板块内部社会经济结构有密切关系;在微观层面上,采用数据包络分析方法,结合武进区社会经济等多项指标,从土地利用结构效率角度,指出武进区各乡镇土地利用结构优化调整方向。研究结果表明：基于信息熵和数据包络分析模型的研究方法可有效克服传统的基于多元统计方法的综合评价技术不足的缺点,能够更加全面地反映区域土地利用结构的差异情况。研究表明：在武进区未来发展过程中,政府应加强土地调控,必须以提高技术效率为主线,加大单位面积土地上的技术投入,优化资源投入结构。各级政府在编制土地利用总体规划时,应当将土地利用结构评估作为规划的一项内容,明确各土地资源类型的布局安排、数量指标和质量要求。另外,此评价方法对区域土地利用结构优化研究有一定的参考价值     

Index System and Influence of Drought in Northwest China

Abstract

In this paper, the index systems of the agricultural drought and decrease percentage of grain crop are established. The trend and influence of drought in the region is analyzed based on the 50 years (1951–2000) statistical data of precipitation and 52 years (1951–2002) agricultural drought of the region, including five provinces: Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The result shows that the drought disaster is increasing and the most serious were in the 1970s and 1990s, and main agricultural drought is a great disaster incident. The regression prediction equation of drought and flood grades and agricultural drought areas grades are set up by the harmonic wave method, and forecasting the drought will lighten during the first ten years of the 21st century.     

有关全球气候变化问题上的公平性分析

从《联合国气候变化》了发，对人类社会应对气候变化中的“公平”性问题，从不同角度进行了系统讨论。对发展中国家和发达国家在公平原则下责任、义务及优先事项的差别进行了分析，提出并分析了以人均碳排放权相等为标准，到目标年（例2100年）各国人均碳排放量及过渡期内（例1990-2100）人均累积碳排放量两个趋同的碳排放权分配原则。     

Comparative study of estrogenic potencies of estradiol, tamoxifen, bisphenol-A and resveratrol with two in vitro bioassays

This study was undertaken to compare the sensitivity of two in vitro screening test methods and to determine the accuracy of predicted response to spiked laboratory water samples. A newly developed enzyme-linked receptor assay (ELRA) and a widely used yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay were selected to evaluate the estrogenic responses. Four natural, pharmaceutical, xenobiotic or phytobiotic chemicals: 17beta-estradiol (E2), tamoxifen, bisphenol-A and resveratrol were examined, and 17beta-E2 was used as a positive control. 17beta-E2 can strongly induce estrogenic response in both test systems, however, ELRA was found to be more sensitive to 17beta-E2 with a detection limit of 0.07 microg/l compared to 0.88 microg/l in YES assay. Similar results were obtained for bisphenol-A and resveratrol, and their estrogen potencies relative to E2 (100%) determined by ELRA were at least 5.6 times greater than produced by YES assay. ELRA was unable to distinguish the anti-estrogen tamoxifen and YES assay is also poor at distinguishing. Comparison of response to spiked laboratory water samples show that ELRA can give accurate determination to all four chemicals with recoveries among 70-120%, while YES can only give accurate determination to 17beta-E2 and bisphenol-A with recoveries among 69-112%. The comparative results provide evidence that ELRA is more suitable for rapid screening estrogenic potency of the environmental samples. Combination of ELRA and mammalian cellular assay will constitute an advantageous test to specify agonistic or antagonistic effects.     

Present Development Situation of Transgenic Crops and Effect on Ecological Environment

In recent years, genetic engineering technology has been playing a great role in improving crops. As far as property is concerned, transgenic crops are mainly classified into three types. One is anti-herbicide crops; next is anti-disease and anti-insect pest transgenic crops. The third is high added-value transgenic crops, such as insulin tomatoes China has cultivated. We have successfully expressed hepatitis B virus surface antigen genes in tomatoes and potatoes. Besides, scientists have al…