广元市次生地质灾害分布特征及影响因素分析——以朝天区为例

四川省广元市朝天区是汶川8.0级地震的重灾区之一,由地震触发的崩塌、滑坡等次生地质灾害对人民群众生命财产安全构成巨大威胁。基于实地调查,对震后地质灾害隐患点进行了统计分析,指出了地震地质灾害的分布特征,并对其影响因素进行了深入分析。区内地震地质灾害点多分布在海拔800 m以上的陡坡或陡崖部位,并沿龙门山断裂带、嘉陵江水系及交通路线呈线状或带状分布。地震地质灾害的发生是内外力共同作用结果,其中地震力和断裂构造带对地质灾害发生起着决定性的作用,而地层岩性对灾种起关键性的作用,滑坡多发育在页岩、片岩、板岩、千枚岩等软岩分布区,崩塌多发育在灰岩、砂岩等硬岩分布区。     

西南高山峡谷区植被变化及影响因素分析

西南高山峡谷区是我国典型生态脆弱区,认识其植被变化特征及影响因素可以为西南高山峡谷区生态环境建设对策的制定提供理论依据,对实现区域经济、环境以及生态和谐统一发展,具有一定的现实意义.基于2000~2019年NDVI、社会经济因子和自然因子数据集,采用一元线性回归法、Hurst指数、地理探测器模型和变异系数等方法分析了西南高山峡谷区NDVI时空变化及稳定性特征,并探讨了NDVI空间分异影响因素.结果表明：①空间上看,植被呈现东南高,西北低的分布格局,中高和高植被覆盖的区域面积占比71.71%,植被覆盖总体处于较高水平.时间上看,植被呈现改善趋势的区域面积占比85.90%,恢复效果明显,且未来植被变化趋势还将以改善为主.②高程、植被类型和土壤类型是影响NDVI空间分异的主导因子,q值均不低于0.40;气温和降雨量为次要因子,q值分别为0.274和0.225.双因子交互作用增强了单因子的影响力,表现为双因子增强和非线性增强两种关系,其中高程∩植被类型组合q值最高为0.714,其次是高程∩土壤类型组合q值为0.688.③研究时段内NDVI整体稳定性较好,低波动变化和较低波动变化的区域面积占比为89.95%;而中等以上波动的区域面积占比为10.05%,集中在海拔高、气温低、降雨少、土壤贫瘠和植被较差等生态环境相对脆弱的区域.植被变化是多因素综合作用的结果,需因地制宜,有针对性地采取不同策略修复西南高山峡谷区生态环境.     

VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets based on response surface model: A case study in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM_2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM_2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NO_x emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m³ for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m³ for the annual average of PM_2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NO_x emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m³, deep NO_x emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m³, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in China.     

Distribution and chemical speciation of arsenic in different sized atmospheric particulate matters

The distribution and chemical speciation of arsenic (As) in different sized atmospheric particulate matters (PMs), including total suspended particles (TSP), PM₁₀, and PM_2.5, collected from Baoding, China were analyzed. The average total mass concentrations of As in TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 were 31.5, 35.3, and 54.1 µg/g, respectively, with an order of PM_2.5 >PM ₁₀ > TSP, revealing that As is prone to accumulate on fine particles. Due to the divergent toxicities of different As species, speciation analysis of As in PMs is further conducted. Most of previous studies mainly focused on inorganic arsenite (iAs^III), inorganic arsenate (iAs^V), monomethylarsonate (MMA), and dimethylarsinate (DMA) in PMs, while the identification and sensitive quantification of trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were rarely reported. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was optimized for As speciation including TMAO in PMs. An anion exchange column was used to separate MMA, DMA and iAs^V, while a cation exchange column to separate TMAO and iAs^III. Results showed that iAs^V was the dominate component in all the samples, corresponding to a portion of 79.2% ± 9.3% of the total extractable species, while iAs^III, TMAO and DMA made up the remaining 21%. Our study demonstrated that iAs^III accounted for about 14.4% ± 11.4% of the total extracted species, with an average concentration of 1.7 ± 1.6 ng/m³. It is worth noting that TMAO was widely present in the samples (84 out of 97 samples), which supported the assumption that TMAO was ubiquitous in atmospheric particles.     

LNG全容罐安全阀尾管设置研究

针对LNG全容罐罐顶安全阀尾管排放气被点燃后产生的喷射火热辐射,可能导致全容罐开裂、坍塌等事故情况,分析确定安全阀尾管高度及排放方向是火灾热辐射影响范围的重要因素,通过采用DNV PHAST软件进行16×10~4 m~3全容罐罐顶安全阀释放可燃气云扩散影响及喷射火热辐射影响模拟计算,确定安全阀尾管高度15 m,垂直排放时能够满足相关安全要求,为LNG全容罐安全阀尾管高度优化设计提供了一种模拟计算方法。     

Potential applications of porous organic polymers as adsorbent for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with high toxicity and carcinogenicity are emitted from kinds of industries, which endanger human health and the environment. Adsorption is a promising method for the treatment of VOCs due to its low cost and high efficiency. In recent years, activated carbons, zeolites, and mesoporous materials are widely used to remove VOCs because of their high specific surface area and abundant porosity. However, the hydrophilic nature and low desorption rate of those materials limit their commercial application. Furthermore, the adsorption capacities of VOCs still need to be improved. Porous organic polymers (POPs) with extremely high porosity, structural diversity, and hydrophobic have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for VOCs adsorption. This review generalized the superiority of POPs for VOCs adsorption compared to other porous materials and summarized the studies of VOCs adsorption on different types of POPs. Moreover, the mechanism of competitive adsorption between water and VOCs on the POPs was discussed. Finally, a concise outlook for utilizing POPs for VOCs adsorption was discussed, noting areas in which further work is needed to develop the next-generation POPs for practical applications.     

炼化浓盐水处理与资源化工艺探讨＊

炼化污水深度处理回用是各炼化企业节水减排的主要措施之一。炼化企业反渗透(简称RO)污水脱盐回用装置在运行中暴露出末端高含盐污水的处置难题,影响了污水回用生产的连续运行。文章阐述近年来炼化企业高含盐污水处置现状、存在问题、国内外处理技术及发展趋势,在此基础上针对炼化企业特点,提出以热法、膜法为核心技术的浓盐水处理工艺耦合方案,为炼化企业解决污水回用瓶颈技术难题、实施污水"零排放"与发展循环经济提供借鉴与参考。     

Speciation characterization and coagulation of poly-silica-ferric-chloride：The role of hydrolyzed Fe（Ⅲ） and silica interaction

The highly e cient inorganic polymer flocculants (IPFs) of the ferric-silica system is a new and promising coagulant. Interactions between ferric species and silica play a large part in the coagulation of suspensions. These e ects are quite distinct from those associated with polymeric or colloid silica. However, although these species are key to coagulation e ciency, they have not been comprehensively discussed. A new type of coagulant, poly-silica-ferric-chloride (PFSC), was synthesized by co-polymerization and characterized by time complexation spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Compared with traditional ferric salt, the results indicated that PFSC had a higher molecular weight, lesser positive charge, lower Feb and higher Fec. The higher the Si/Fe ratio, the higher the silica and lower the silicac found. The PFSC with appropriate polysilica acid not only obtained better coagulation/flocculation e ciency in turbidity removal, enhanced the flocculation index (FI) and provided less residual ferric, it also lowered water treatment costs compared to traditional ferric salt. Results showed that PFSC could remove colloid particles in water by charge neutralization and sweeping, adsorption bridging mechanism.     

对开发建设项目环境影响评价中公众参与内容的探讨

环境影响评价中公众参与的内容应与建设项目的生产性质、污染状况相适应。不同类型的开发建设项目开展的公众参与内容是不同的。对项目公众参与的组织形式及内容进行了探讨，便于指导建设项目的环境影响评价工作。     

Hydraulic jumps with low inflow Froude numbers: air–water surface patterns and transverse distributions of two-phase flow properties

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Hydraulic jumps are commonly employed as energy dissipators to guarantee long-term operation of hydraulic structures. A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of...