新型除磷混凝剂的研制与应用＊

实验以处理金属表面所产生的磷化废水为研究对象,系统地分析了在新型混凝剂的使用过程中,pH值、温度、石灰投入量、沉降时间、助剂A等因素对脱磷效果的影响。结果表明,含磷量为18mg/L、COD为300mg/L、SS为150mg/L、pH值为5.7～6.5的废水,石灰投入量为300mg/L、沉降时间为10min左右、温度为25℃、pH值调节至9.0、加入5mL助剂A处理后,废水中磷含量为0.25～0.35mg/L、COD为80mg/L、SS为60mg/L,满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)中的一级标准。     

Photodegradation of bisphenol Z by UV irradiation in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin

In this work, the formation of the inclusion complex of bisphenol Z (1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, abbreviated as BPCH) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) has been studied, 1:1 inclusion complex can be obtained, the formation constant of the beta-CD/BPCH complex is 5.94x10(3)M(-1). The photodegradation behavior of BPCH was investigated under monochromatic UV irradiation (lambda=254 nm). The photodegradation rate constant of BPCH in aqueous solutions with beta-CD showed a 9.0-fold increase, and simultaneously the mineralization of BPCH can be enhanced by beta-CD. The influence factors on photodegradation of BPCH were also studied and described in details, such as concentration of beta-CD, initial concentration of BPCH, organic solvent and pH. The photodegradation of BPCH in the presence of beta-CD includes the direct photolysis and the photooxidation of BPCH during the photochemical process. Some predominant photodegradation products are 4-(2,4,5-trihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butanoic acid, 5,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid, meta-hydroxylated BPCH, ortho-hydroxylated BPCH and 4-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentyl)phenol respectively. The enhancement of photodegradation of BPCH mainly results from moderate inclusion depth of BPCH molecule in the beta-CD cavity. This kind of inclusion structure allows BPCH molecule sufficient proximity to secondary hydroxyl groups of the beta-CD cavity, and these hydroxyl groups could be activated and converted to hydroxyl radicals under UV irradiation, which can enhance the photooxidation of BPCH.     

城市混凝土桥梁薄弱处分析

随着城市化进程的不断发展,包括高架桥、立交桥在内的大量混凝土桥梁在城市交通网络中扮演者极其重要的角色。但受环境侵蚀、交通量日益增加的影响,城市混凝土桥梁不可避免地出现一定损伤,严重甚至会导致桥梁倒塌等重大灾难事故。在分析城市混凝土桥梁的各种损伤及损伤演化过程的基础上提出运营桥梁薄弱处的概念。该薄弱处是指受环境侵蚀、材料老化、荷载变化等因素的影响,混凝土桥梁结构中最先发生破坏的构件或构件中的某一位置。对运营桥梁薄弱处的分析宜采用分析结构中各处的承载力下降及相应的荷载效应增加二者相结合的方法,通过比较获得桥梁中各处抗力与荷载效应最为接近的地方,即结构薄弱处。最后,总结了城市混凝土桥梁薄弱处分析研究的发展方向及亟待解决的关键技术。     

高校学生安全素质定量评价方法研究

本文通过运用层次分析法和发放调查问卷,对高校学生的安全素质进行分析,提出高校学生安全素质定量评价方法,并以首都经济贸易大学学生为实例进行应用研究,为高校的安全管理和校园安全文化建设提供参考。     

非煤矿山安全检查存在的问题及对策

安全检查是企业安全管理的一项基础工作。通过系统分析目前我国非煤矿山安全检查存在的主要问题,提出了有针对性的对策措施,供我国非煤矿山企业改进安全检查工作参考。     

倒置A2/O工艺氮平衡与脱氮效率的分析

研究了倒置A^2／O工艺中的氮平衡和脱氮效率，并对影响脱氮效率的回流比和碳氮质量比进行分析。根据广州某城市污水处理厂水质特点，设计总回流比为3．0，其中污泥回流比为1．0，混合液回流比为2．0，理论总氮去除率为78．75％，实际运行总氮去除率达64．42％。     

钢铁工业含铁尘泥的资源化利用现状与发展方向

含铁尘泥是钢铁生产过程中从不同工艺流程的除尘系统中排出的含铁粉尘。这些尘泥回收后利用不当，不仅会造成环境污染，也是对含铁资源的巨大浪费。本文概述了钢铁工业含铁尘泥的综合利用现状，对瓦斯泥、转炉污泥、轧钢污泥、高锌含铁污泥、电炉粉尘等几类重点尘泥，提出了未来高附加值利用的方向。     

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of Poverty-Stricken Areas in Hebei Province

1 INTRODUCTIONPoverty is a social phenomenon accompanying the processof human development (Shen Hong, 2000),it is also oneof the Three Ps problems (poverty, pollution andpopulation),alleviating and eliminating poverty has beenone of the major concerns in many countries. Since Chinesegovernment has implemented the anti-poverty programin a planned way in 1986, the number of impoverishedpopulation has decreased year by year, especially after theimplementation of National Seven-Year Anti-p…