基于监测样本信息的水环境系统权重分配方法

针对水环境系统权重分配问题，从建筑系统客观背景入手，以环境因子监测样本资料为信息源，通过构造关联信息矩阵，并采用旋转正交转变换的主成分分析法，定量地描述了交五因子在整体系统的贡献，最后依贡献量大小识别对应各个因子的权重值，实例表明，该方法物理意义清晰结果客观合理。     

Analysis of chemical composition of precipitation in a typical background site

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Performance and microbial diversity of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor for high sulfate and nitrate waste brine treatment

The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ion- exchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency （80%-90%） was achieved at the influent sulfate concentration of 3600 mg/L and 3% NaC1 after 145 days in an expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor. Furthermore, the feasibility of treating synthetic waste brine containing high levels of sulfate and nitrate was investigated in a single EGSB reactor during an operation period of 261 days. The highest nitrate and sulfate loading rate reached 6.38 and 5.78 kg/（m3-day） at SO42--S/NO3-N mass ratio of 4/3, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 99.97% and 82.26% at 3% NaC1, respectively. Meanwhile, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of the sludge on the 240th day for stable operation of phase X. Results showed that a total of 9194 sequences were obtained, which could be affiliated to 14 phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and so on. Proteobacteria （77.66%） was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes （12.23%） and Chlorobi （2.71%）.     

广西南宁发展燃料乙醇与节能减排的关系

摘要：根据生命周期评价,对燃料乙醇的节能和减排效果进行分析,依据发展规划,得出广西南宁发展燃料乙醇对节能减排的影响。结果表明,发展燃料乙醇将在节能和减排方面均产生积极作用,应加大在南宁乃至广西发展非粮燃料乙醇产业的力度。     

小白菜对猪粪中高Cu和Zn的富集与转运

近年来,规模化养猪中Cu和Zn广泛应用于饲料添加剂,导致猪粪含大量的cu和Zn.猪粪土地利用中高Cu和Zn导致的环境污染和植物效应已引起了人们的高度关注.研究高Cu和Zn的猪粪施入土壤后典型蔬菜对Cu和Zn的富集和转运,可为有机蔬菜安全生产和品质提高提供科学依据,对粪便中重金属的健康风险评价具有重要的参考价值.本研究以...     

工作流技术在水质自动站第三方运营中的应用研究

随着越来越多的水质自动站委托给第三方运营维护,环境监测部门在外包管理中面临着无法跟踪任务进展、无法对运维人员在现场工作进行监督、无法及时检查工作成果等问题。借用信息化手段,将工作流技术引入水质自动站的外包管理,使得每当新发起一个运维任务时,及时建立起一个工作流,监测部门通过对工作流的监控可以实现对运维过程的监督管理,从而解决了这些问题。通过应用工作流技术,提升了环境监测部门对水质自动站第三方运营的管理效率,为水质自动监测数据的获取和利用奠定了更坚实的基础。     

Mechanisms of Pb(II) coprecipitation with natrojarosite and its behavior during acid dissolution

Lead (Pb) coprecipitation with jarosite is common in natural and engineered environments, such as acid mine drainage (AMD) sites and hydrometallurgical industry. Despite the high relevance for environmental impact, few studies have examined the exact interaction of Pb with jarosite and the dissolution behavior of each phase. In the present work, we demonstrate that Pb mainly interacts with jarosite in four modes, namely incorporation, occlusion, physically mixing, and chemically mixing. For comparison, the four modes of Pb-bearing natrojarosite were synthesized and characterized separately. Batch dissolution experiments were undertaken on these synthetic Pb-bearing natrojarosites under pH 2 to simulate the AMD environments. The introduction of Pb decreases the final Fe releasing efficiency of jarosite-type compounds from 18.18% to 3.45%-5.01%, showing a remarkable inhibition of their dissolution. For Pb releasing behavior, PbSO₄ dissolves in preference to Pb-substituted natrojarosite, i.e., (Na, Pb)-jarosite, which primarily results in the sharp increase of Pb releasing concentration (> 40 mg/L). PbSO₄ occlusion by jarosite-type compounds can significantly reduce the release of Pb. The results of this study could provide useful information regarding Fe and Pb cycling in acidic natural and engineered environments.     

论舰船装备倾斜和摇摆环境适应性与试验

倾斜和摇摆环境对一艘肩负作战任务的舰船来说是一种需经受的常态.由于倾斜和摇摆环境所产生的静态力和动态力会导致舰船装备故障(失效),因此倾斜和摇摆环境适应性是舰船装备必须具备的重要质量特性之一.论述了倾斜和摇摆环境特征,提出了倾斜和摇摆环境严酷度,给出了倾斜和摇摆环境试验方法.     

良好质量控制下环境监测方法的选用

经济不断发展,社会对环境保护的要求日趋加强,为保证环境安全,为环保监察执法出具准确、科学、公正的监测数据变得日益重要。本文对选用合适的监测方法进行监测进行初步的探讨。确定了监测范围,在良好的环境质量控制下选择合适的方法,确保监测程序稳定可靠,更好的为环境管理服务。     

上海市土地利用与生态服务价值变化研究

基于Costanza对生态系统服务价值理论的研究成果,结合谢高地等对中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,计算了2003—2007年间上海市生态系统服务价值变化情况和敏感性指数,03年-07年,生态服务价值减少了1．1亿元,各种土地利用方式的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数均小于1,表明生态系统服务价值对价值系数的变化是缺乏弹性的。