Comprehensive monitoring of drinking well water quality in Seoul metropolitan city, Korea

In this research, the quality of drinking well waters from 14 districts around Seoul metropolitan city, Korea was assessed by measuring a number of parameters with established guideline (e.g., arsenic, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethene, dichloromethane, copper, and lead) and without such criteria (e.g., hardness, chloride ion, sulfate ion, ammonia nitrogen, aluminum, iron, manganese, and zinc). Physical parameters such as evaporation residue (or total dissolved solids) and turbidity were also measured. The importance of each parameter in well waters was examined in terms of the magnitude and exceedance frequency of guideline values established by international (and national) health agencies. The results of this study indicate that among the eight parameters with well-established guidelines (e.g., WHO), arsenic and lead (guideline value of 0.01 mg?L^?1 for both) recorded the highest exceedance frequency of 18 and 16 well samples ranging in 0.06–136 and 2–9 mg?L^?1, respectively. As such, a number of water quality parameters measured from many well waters in this urban area were in critical levels which require immediate attention for treatment and continuous monitoring.     

典型大气腐蚀介质的灰色预测模型分析

利用武汉地区2002—2007年二氧化硫和氯化物含量数据,建立了这2种典型大气腐蚀介质的GM(11,)预测模型,探讨了不同维数GM(1,1)模型预测结果的差异。另外,对这2种典型大气腐蚀介质GM(1,1)模型进行了检验,结果表明,GM(1,1)模型的预测精度较高,精度检验等级达到1级。     

Cover Image

The cover image is based on the Original Article Noninvasive prenatal paternity testing by means of SNP-based targeted sequencing by Jacqueline Chor Wing Tam et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5595 .

     

对本溪市生态环境问题的探讨

简述了“十五”期间本溪市生态环境质量的现状、特点、趋势;以及生态保护、生态建设的情况。提出了生态环境问题的防治对策。     

陕西省冬春季PM2.5时空分布特征研究

根据陕西省2016年12月至2017年5月PM_2.5质量浓度逐小时数据，利用ArcGIS分析陕西省PM_2.5污染时空变化格局，并分析造成南北差异的原因，再利用小波分析手段探讨各市PM_2.5污染时间序列周期和突变特性。结果表明：（1）陕西省冬季PM_2.5污染重，春季污染轻，并表现出"关中高，南北低"的特征，秦岭南北经济发展差异和供暖差异是控制陕西省PM_2.5污染空间格局的主要原因；（2）冬季和春季单日PM_2.5浓度变化趋势基本一致，为"双峰双谷型"，日最低值出现在16∶00~18∶00；（3）Morlet小波分析结果显示，陕西省PM_2.5日均变化序列存在多时间尺度特征。陕北城市PM_2.5污染第1主周期为40 d，关中城市和陕南商洛市有40 d和65 d两个共同周期，安康市和汉中市共同周期为20 d和80 d；（4）陕西省PM_2.5突变事件冬季频繁而春季较少，多发生在1月和2月，春季1次大范围的沙尘天气，造成了陕西省5月5日8个城市PM_2.5污染浓度剧增。     

2006绿色交通,我们最需突破什么?北京交通大学赵坚教授访谈录

现代城市发展所衍生的诸多问题里，交通运输是主要问题之一。这一问题要解决，建设绿色交通是一个出路，而这又触及到能源资源消耗、环境安全、生活质量诉求等不同层面的问题。     

Comparison of DAYCENT-simulated and measured nitrous oxide emissions from a corn field

Accurate assessment of N(2)O emission from soil requires continuous year-round and spatially extensive monitoring or the use of simulation that accurately and precisely predict N(2)O fluxes based on climatic, soil, and agricultural system input data. DAYCENT is an ecosystem model that simulates, among other processes, N(2)O emissions from soils. The purpose of the study was to compare N(2)O fluxes predicted by the DAYCENT model to measured N(2)O fluxes from an experimental corn field in central Iowa. Soil water content temperature and inorganic N, simulated by DAYCENT were compared to measured values of these variables. Field N(2)O emissions were measured using four replicated automated chambers at 6-h intervals, from day of year (DOY) 42 through DOY 254 of 2006. We observed that DAYCENT generally accurately predicted soil temperature, with the exception of winter when predicted temperatures tended to be lower than measured values. Volumetric water contents predicted by DAYCENT were generally lower than measured values during most of the experimental period. Daily N(2)O emissions simulated by DAYCENT were significantly correlated to field measured fluxes; however, time series analyses indicate that the simulated fluxes were out of phase with the measured fluxes. Cumulative N(2)O emission calculated from the simulations (3.29 kg N(2)O-N ha(-1)) was in range of the measured cumulative N(2)O emission (4.26 +/- 1.09 kg N(2)O-N ha(-1)).     

Debromination of 1,4-Dibromobenzene and 4,4′-Dibromobiphenyl: A Model for Cleansing of PCBs

The aim of this study is to develop a catalytic method which has advantages over current method to detoxify and degrade environmentally harmful polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A variety of catalysts have been employed in a preliminary study on 1,4-dibromobenzene and 4,4-dibromobiphenyl which may be considered to represent simple analogues of PCBs. The most satisfactory catalysts are those involving [Pd(dppf)] [dppf = 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene], generated in situ from PdCl2(dppf) or Pd(dppf)2. In the presence of the reducing reagent, namely NaBH4, debromination has been achieved at relative mild conditions with high product yields (> 70%). Thus, our results indicate the possibility of dechlorination of PCBs with such catalysts.     

Anthropogenic N2O production from landfill leachate treatment

The results of a field survey and laboratory study indicated that nitrogenous landfill leachate treatment can be a significant potential source of N2O emission. Nil (raw leachate) to 58.8ngmL(-1)h(-1) (sequential batch reactor) N2O emission was detected at five treatment plants in South China. The production and emission of N2O was especially high soon after the raw leachate was aerated. The emission was positively correlated with the dissolved N2O content in leachate; detected dissolved N2O ranged from 0 to 1309ngmL(-1). All leachate treatment plants studied were effective in NH4+-N removal (>95%); however, the highest N2O emission was estimated to be 0.25g N2Ocapita(-l)year(-1), comparable with the rate of N2O emission in conventional sewage treatment process.