电子废弃物污染现状及改善对策研究

从环境保护的角度和资源再生利用的角度看,电子废弃物的处理处置已经成为我国面临的一项全新挑战。而且,国内电子废弃物的处理处置正向产业化方向稳步推进。本文介绍了我国目前电子废弃物的特点和处理电子废弃物污染的现状,并且结合我国国情相应地提出了我国在电子废弃物处理处置过程中的预防措施和改善对策。     

高含硫天然气井测试施工安全对策分析

本文阐述了作者在罗家寨等高含硫气田多口井的完井放喷测试施工中加强安全管理的具体做法,即施工现场安全组织、入场施工安全控制以及安全培训与演练,尤其是对放喷测试施工中危险点（源）的辨识及正确采取削减措施。     

转速对SUFR系统厌氧区释磷的影响

就转速对螺旋升流反应器系统厌氧区释磷效果、污泥的释磷代谢及动力学参数的影响进行试验研究,并确定较好释磷效果时的转速,为该技术即将进行的工程应用提供理论支撑。研究结果表明：随着转速的增加,厌氧释磷效果出现下降的趋势,转速为30 r/min时,厌氧释磷效果较佳;SUFR系统厌氧区污泥释磷的代谢模式遵循Smolders等人提出的生化模式,转速变化引起α_PAO的不同,从而使得厌氧释磷的代谢水平出现了差异;转速对厌氧区污泥COD吸收的动力学参数q_max及K_A值均产生了明显的影响。     

竹材加工剩余物制备竹活性炭及其对Pb^2＋的吸附性能

利用竹材加工剩余物竹蔸、竹节和竹枝制备竹炭,再以H3PO4为活化剂,在活化温度为700 ℃和不同的H3PO4浓度下进行活化制备竹活性炭,测定了吸附性能最强的竹活性炭在不同吸附时间和Pb2+初始浓度下对Pb2+的吸附率,并进行了结构表征.结果表明,当H3PO4溶液质量分数为45%时,所制备的竹活性炭吸附性能最强,其中竹蔸活性炭的Pb2+吸附性能接近于商品活性炭;竹蔸活性炭吸附Pb2+的吸附时间在120～180 min为佳;根据Langmuir最大吸附量计算公式求得竹蔸活性炭最大吸附量为91.1 mg/g.竹枝炭、竹节炭与竹篼炭的孔隙度分别为0.656、0.698和0.740,竹枝活性炭、竹节活性炭与竹篼活性炭的孔隙度分别为0.690、0.715和0.755;竹篼炭和竹篼活性炭比表面积分别为110.354、462.069 m2/g,孔容分别为0.090、0.235 cm3/g,平均孔径分别为31.552、20.368 .     

实验室信息管理系统在环境保护领域的建设与应用探讨

介绍了环境监测实验室的业务特点;概述了国内外实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的发展现状;选择了适合环境监测业务的LIMS软件产品,并在此基础上作进一步开发以满足环境监测业务的可拓展性;提出了LIMS需要完善功能的建议.同时,指出在环境保护领域引入LIMS,在一定程度上提高了分析数据的准确性和环境监测实验室管理水平.     

Linear alkylbenzenes in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta (China) and their application as anthropogenic molecular markers in coastal environments

The average concentrations of ∑LABs (sum of C₁₀-C₁₃-LABs) in runoff samples collected from the eight major riverine outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China ranged from 1.4 to 6124 ng/L in the dissolved phase and from 0.01 to 11.4 μg/g dry weight in the particulate phase during March 2005-February 2006. The annual riverine flux of ∑LABs from the PRD to the coastal ocean was estimated at approximately 14 tons/yr. The inventories of ∑LABs in agricultural lands of Guangdong Province ranged from 313 to 1825 kg/yr. The early and late rice fields were the major sink of LABs, accounting for approximately 68% of total LABs inventory in agricultural lands. The social-economically estimated annual discharge of LABs from household detergents in the PRD was ∼696 tons/yr, more than an order of magnitude higher than that estimated from field measurements (about 14 tons/yr), which was attributed to several factors.     

Effects of tetrabromobisphenol A as an emerging pollutant on wheat (Triticum aestivum) at biochemical levels

Biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to the stress of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) as an emerging pollutant were examined. The results indicated that reduction of the chlorophyll (CHL) content in wheat leaves could be observed. However, the changes in the CHL content with the increasing TBBPA concentration from 50 to 5000 mg kg(-1) were insignificant (p>0.05). Increased malondialdehyde levels were detected in wheat leaves after both 7-d and 12-d exposures. The changes in the activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidases (POD) and catalases (CAT) in wheat leaves irregularly fluctuated with time as the TBBPA concentration increased. However, significant (p<0.05) decrease in the activity of POD and CAT treated with 500 and 5000 mg kg(-1) TBBPA could be observed. Our data also showed that the plant has the capacity to tolerate the oxidative stress, but the capacity would be lost with prolonged exposure and increasing TBBPA concentration. There were no dose-response effects in the changes between the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) and the concentration of TBBPA. The decrease in the activity of POD and CAT could be considered as good biomarkers of serious stress by TBBPA in soil environment.     

重庆南山酸雨与马尾松衰亡的关系

1985—1986年对重庆南山马尾松林衰亡与酸雨的关系进行了研究。四个月的雨水监测表明南山酸雨况情严重。酸雨频率百分之百,平均pH4.2—4.4,最低pH3.6—4.0。土壤酸化程度较重(pH3.7—4.0)。土壤酸化的主要原因是酸雨的输入。濒死树针叶中锰和钴元素大为减少,与土壤中这两种元素的减少相对应。濒死树针叶中铝大量积累,土壤中活性铝增多和铝钙比增大。初步肯定酸雨是南山马尾松衰亡的重要原因之一。     

德兴铜矿选矿厂大型石灰料仓除尘

介绍德兴铜矿选矿厂大型石灰料仓在汽车卸料时产生的大量石灰粉尘的收集、净化处理方式及袋式除尘器主要性能参数的确定。     

南秦岭东江口岩体群Pb、Sr和Nd同位素地球化学特征及其对物源的制约

以区域地球化学研究成果为基础，通过Pb、Sr、Nd同位素特征分析，揭示出东江口岩体群的Pb同位素特征与南秦岭东段基底具有耦合关系，而与其它构造单元则存在明显的差异，204Pb-207Pb／206Pb，204Pb-208Pb／206Pb图解研究表明，该岩体群为下地壳源花岗岩类，Nd同位素特征（tDN和εNd（t））表明，耀岭河群最适合于作为岩体群的主要物源。该岩体群和耀岭河群的Sr同位素存在一定的差别，这可能是由于南秦岭在280－200Ma间强烈的地质作用使Rb－Sr同位素体系改造所致。