改性PVDF中空纤维膜处理压裂返排液研究

针对中空纤维膜应用于水力压裂返排液处理时存在的膜污染严重、通量衰减快、影响处理效率等问题,研究了PVDF固含量、凝固浴温度等因素对PVDF膜性能的影响,通过非溶剂致相分离法制备了PVDF中空纤维膜,并采用表面接枝技术,对PVDF中空纤维膜进行了表面亲水化改性。压裂返排液吸附实验结果表明,表面接枝降低了PVDF的接触角,提高了膜的亲水性。与未接枝改性的PVDF膜相比,亲水改性后的PVDF膜表面吸附的压裂返排液更少。将亲水性中空纤维膜用于页岩气水力压裂返排液的过滤处理,应用结果表明其对压裂返排液中的总铁、SS、浊度、细菌去除率达到90%以上,长时间运行后的通量保持率高,有较好的抗膜污染性。     

一体化设备在农村生活污水治理中的应用

随着中国农村经济的发展,生活污水排放量的日益增长,农村水环境治理成为新农村建设亟需解决的主要问题之一。本文分析了我国农村生活污水治理现状及水质水量特点,着重探讨了一体化设备在农村生活污水治理中的优势,可为加快推进其在农村生活污水治理中的应用提供参考。     

基于广义马尔可夫过程的多部件并联可修复系统稳态可用度分析

基于广义马尔可夫过程的可修复系统可用度解析表达式求解较难。因此,值得探索,本文所研究的并联可修复系统由n个同型部件构成,且部件平均故障间隔时间分布服从指数分布,故障后修复时间分布服从一般连续型分布。运用补充变量法,建立基于广义马尔可夫过程的可修复系统可用度计算模型,得到系统的偏微分-积分方程组,经过拉普拉斯变换,得到系统可用度稳态解析表达式。     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.     

Reduction of urban traffic–related particulate matter—leaf trait matters

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Particulate matter in European cities, especially in urban areas, is mainly from urban road traffic and constitutes a great threat to the health of...     

基于网络大数据的公众感知城市声环境研究

尝试基于网络大数据建立区域性公众意见收集及制图方法,分析城市声环境的时空变化特征及噪声来源组成。研究表明,公众对城市声环境的反馈意见集中在城市内部的成熟地区,随着向城市外部延伸而降低,热点地区在空间分布上呈现年纪间变化的特征。定量化识别公众认为的城市3大噪声来源,包括工地施工（74.45%）、生产加工（1394%）、机器运行（3.29%）。公众对夜晚城市声环境更加敏感,感知的夜间噪声占比（85.26%）显著高于白天,在22：00公众感知噪声量快速升高并达到峰值。     

Toxicity assessment of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent by an integrated biomarker response in the liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

In this study, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was exposed to the increasing concentrations of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent (MSTPE) for 15 days, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), together with the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver of C. auratus were investigated. Moreover, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) approach was applied to assess the adverse effects of MSTPE in freshwater. The aim of the study was to provide an effective biological indicator for evaluating the toxicity effects and ecological risks of MSTPE in the freshwater environment quantitatively. Results showed that MSTPE could cause oxidative damage to the liver of C. auratus, which reflected through the increasing MDA content over the exposure period. MSTPE also led to the biochemical responses of antioxidant defense in C. auratus liver, such as the enhancement of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, as well as the inhibition of AChE activity and GSH content. It was found that MDA, SOD, GPx, and GSH could be used as the biomarkers for reflecting the adverse effects of MSTPE in the receiving freshwater on the 12th day of exposure. A significant increase of IBR values was observed as the increasing concentration of MSTPE, and the IBR values presented a significant positive correlation (r?=?0.891, P?<?0.05) with the increasing concentrations of MSTPE, indicating that IBR approach is a promising tool for assessing the toxicity effects of MSTPE in environmental freshwater.

     

UV-Fenton法处理聚醚废水研究

采用UV-Fenton法处理实际聚醚废水,并通过响应曲面法对UV-Fenton法的运行参数进行优化,以H2O2投加量、FeSO4·7H2O投加量和处理时间为自变量,以废水的COD去除率及出水氨氮浓度为响应值,进行中心组合实验设计。同时,采用气相色谱/质谱技术对UV-Fenton法处理前后废水中污染物进行分析和鉴定。结果表明:(1)最优参数条件为H2O2和COD质量比1.49、FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2质量比0.83、处理时间71min,此时COD去除率为62.3%,出水氨氮质量浓度为45.5mg/L。(2)模型的拟合程度较高,两个响应值方程的决定系数(R2)分别为0.986 4、0.961 6。(3)进水中主要污染物有37种,经UV-Fenton法处理后出水中降低至29种,总有机物丰度降低约93.4%。(4)UV-Fenton法对醚类、酯类或酰胺类大分子有机物具有显著的降解效果,可将其转化为短链的烃类及醇类物质。     

Labor productivity of small-scale agriculture and its influence on agricultural landscape conservation in mountainous areas in China: a case study of rice farming in Hani terraced region

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Small-scale agriculture (SA) is regarded as unsustainability because of its low benefit. To protect traditional agricultural landscapes like terraces...     

Links among nitrification, nitrifier communities, and edaphic properties in contrasting soils receiving dairy slurry

Soil biotic and abiotic factors strongly influence nitrogen (N) availability and increases in nitrification rates associated with the application of manure. In this study, we examine the effects of edaphic properties and a dairy (Bos taurus) slurry amendment on N availability, nitrification rates and nitrifier communities. Soils of variable texture and clay mineralogy were collected from six USDA-ARS research sites and incubated for 28 d with and without dairy slurry applied at a rate of ~300 kg N ha(-1). Periodically, subsamples were removed for analyses of 2 M KCl extractable N and nitrification potential, as well as gene copy numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). Spearman coefficients for nitrification potentials and AOB copy number were positively correlated with total soil C, total soil N, cation exchange capacity, and clay mineralogy in treatments with and without slurry application. Our data show that the quantity and type of clay minerals present in a soil affect nitrifier populations, nitrification rates, and the release of inorganic N. Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification potentials, and edaphic properties were positively correlated with AOB gene copy numbers. On average, AOA gene copy numbers were an order of magnitude lower than those of AOB across the six soils and did not increase with slurry application. Our research suggests that the two nitrifier communities overlap but have different optimum environmental conditions for growth and activity that are partly determined by the interaction of manure-derived ammonium with soil properties.