双波长气溶胶粒径传感方法及其火灾烟雾探测器

提出了双波长光散射气溶胶粒径传感方法,设计实现了采用该方法的双波长火灾烟雾探测器。使用短波长和长波长的双波长光源,通过计算其光功率比值,利用其与中值粒径的关系函数获得气溶胶粒径,并根据不同粒径下的气溶胶浓度分别给出大小不同粒径的火灾烟雾或干扰气溶胶提示。因而,不仅可以有效区分大小不同粒径的火灾烟雾气溶胶,以正确探测火灾,而且能够识别微米级的大粒径干扰粒子,降低火灾误报率,可以应用于飞机等航空器空中密闭的特殊环境。     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

基于3D体外培养模型的化学物质肝毒性预测研究进展

精准预测化学物质肝毒性对保护人类生命健康安全具有重要意义。为了避免动物实验固有的物种间差异性和局限性,开发和利用与人源肝脏生理功能直接相关的体外模型至关重要。三维(3D)体外细胞培养模型相比于二维(2D)模型能更好地保留肝细胞代谢功能,再现肝脏内多种细胞相互作用的复杂环境,是体外模拟肝脏生理功能的一大进步,并初步在药物毒性评估方面获得应用的同时,也被引入到环境毒理学领域用于预测环境化学物质的肝毒性。本文介绍了目前常用3D体外细胞培养模型的制备方法,综述了其在环境化学物质(纳米材料、持久性有机污染物和新型有机污染物等)肝毒性预测方面的应用现状,最后探讨了3D肝细胞体外培养模型在有害结局路径指导下开展肝毒性预测的研究与应用前景。     

Current status of indoor dust PBDE pollution and its physical burden and health effects on children

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely detected in indoor dust, which has been identified as a more important route of PBDE exposure for...     

Impact of regional temperature on the adoption of electric vehicles: an empirical study based on 20 provinces in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of electric vehicles (EVs) is not only a necessary path for China to move from a big country to a powerful country in automobile...     

汽车驾驶员行车事故神经行为学方法研究的多因素分析

采用世界卫生组织“神经行为核心测试组合”（ＷＨＯ．ＮＣＴＢ），对１２５名汽车驾驶员进行了神经行为功能测试，并对测试结果及方法作了进一步的一元和多元回归分析。结果表明：事故组与无事故组驾驶员在神经行为功能方面存在显著差异。神经行为功能测试总分与年龄和事故次数是显著负相关，与学龄呈显著正相关。在ＮＣＴＢ各分测验中，简单反应时、目标追踪和提转捷度三项测验得分对总分贡献率较大，为最敏感指标。揭示在驾驶员行车事故的预防及职业选择和培训中，应考虑年龄因素和文化水平，并选择敏感指标进行神经行为功能测试，以预防和减少交通事故的发生。     

流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统构建

基于流域水质改善与水环境管理需求,结合目前流域非点源水污染排放存在的问题,本研究采用SOA-B/S架构,运用MVC6和GIS与环境模型集成关键技术,构建流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统,并系统梳理了地形数据、污染源环境统计数据、气象数据等基础信息,采用基于输出系数法的非点源水污染负荷估算模型,实现了对全年及年内各分水期非点源水污染排放清单的处理分析和估算。系统通过数据库、GIS平台、模型集成和业务系统建设,实现了对不同时间和空间尺度下不同地区的非点源水污染负荷估算,推进了流域非点源污染排放的信息化、科学化及可视化管理,为决策者制定流域水环境管理措施和方案提供了有力的技术支持。     

典型四环素类抗生素的预测无效应浓度和风险评估

四环素类抗生素是一类广谱抗生素,对生态环境存在潜在风险.本研究以四环素和土霉素为研究对象,根据欧盟现有化学物质风险评价技术指导文件(TGD),推导不同环境介质中四环素和土霉素的预测无效应浓度(PNEC),并采用风险商值(RQ)法对我国部分地区水质、淡水沉积物和土壤的暴露风险进行评估.结果 表明,我国水质、淡水沉积物及土壤中四环素的PNEC值分别为0.115 μg·L-1、423 μg·kg-1(湿质量)和57 μg· kg-1(湿质量);土霉素的PNEC值分别为4.93μg·L-1、1.78x104 μg·kg1(湿质量)和3.16×103μg·kg-1(湿质量).淡水沉积物风险区域主要集中在海河,土壤风险区域主要集中在山东省、四川省彭州市、辽宁省沈阳市等,部分区域点位存在潜在的生态风险.研究结论可为四环素类抗生素的生态环境风险评价提供科学依据.     

锌与双酚A复合暴露对普通小球藻的联合毒性作用评估

为探究重金属与环境激素的联合毒性效应,以普通小球藻为受试生物,开展了锌与双酚A的单一及复合暴露对普通小球藻的急性毒性、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量及抗氧化应激的影响.结果显示,在单一暴露条件下,锌和双酚A对普通小球藻的EC50分别为5.10 mg·L-1和17.37 mg·L-1,仅在锌离子质量浓度低于0.25 mg·L-1时可促进普通小球藻叶绿素合成,而其他各暴露组中锌和双酚A对普通小球藻的光合作用具有抑制效应,采用等毒性配比法进行联合毒性试验,由相加指数法判断锌与双酚A对普通小球藻的联合作用类型为协同作用;藻细胞可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量随锌与双酚A暴露浓度的增加被显著诱导,且高浓度的复合暴露对普通小球藻造成明显的氧化损伤.研究表明,锌与双酚A复合暴露会加强其在水环境中的毒性效应.     

Uncovering the evolution of tin use in the United States and its implications

• US tin use decreases as the GDP value added by manufacturing sector increases. • Global and China’s tin use increases as the GDP added by manufacturing increases. • A sigmoid curve can fit the US tin use data well. • US tin use patterns is not due to the finite tin reserves or resources. • Policies, substitutions, etc. play key roles in the changing tin use patterns. Tin is of key importance to daily life and national security; it is considered an essential industrial metal. The United States (US) is the world’s largest economy and consumer of natural resources. Therefore, the analysis of historical tin use in the US is helpful for understanding future tin use trends in the world as a whole and in developing countries. Time series analysis, regression analysis with GDP or GDP/capita, and historical data fitted with logistic and Gompertz models are employed in this study. Historical tin use in the US shows three stages—increase-constant-decrease, as GDP per capita has increased. Tin use in the US is negatively correlated with the GDP value added by the manufacturing sector, while the use of tin worldwide and in China continues to increase along with the GDP value added by the manufacturing sector. Although a sigmoid curve can fit the US tin use data well, that use is not directly related to the limited tin reserves or resources. Rather, policies, economic restructuring, substitutions, new end-use markets, etc. have played key roles in the changing tin use patterns. This work contributes to understanding future tin use at both the global and national levels: tin use will continue to increase with GDP at the global level, but use patterns of tin at the national level can be changed through human intervention.