一株菲降解菌的鉴定及降解特性

从沈阳北部污水处理厂曝气池活性污泥中驯化和分离得到一株以菲为碳源的降解菌株W12,根据菌株形态和16S r DNA基因测序分析,该菌株鉴定为耳炎假单胞菌(Pseudomonas otitidis.).该菌株降解菲的最佳环境条件为:温度为30℃,p H值为7.0,摇床转速为170 r·min-1,接种量为10%,盐度为0.5%;菲初始质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1培养96 h后,降解率为65.80%,且对菲的最大耐受浓度为2000 mg·L-1;加入蛋白胨和酵母膏后,降解率分别提高到75.65%和70.85%.     

简易垃圾填埋场综合治理方案

结合牛山简易垃圾填埋场综合治理工程,分别从简易填埋场的封场和防渗两方面进行了综合治理方案的研究。结果表明:以生活垃圾填埋场封场技术规程为指导,以垂直防渗帷幕作为防渗方案,在工程中切实可行,可以为简易填埋场的综合治理提供借鉴。     

城市自来水光催化氧化深度净化效果

在玻璃纤维网上制得ＴｉＯ２催化膜．用相应的固定膜光催化氧化装置进行了城市自来水的深度净化研究．ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析表明，在水中输入能量８７Ｗ／Ｌ的低光照强度下，经１ｈ的处理，自来水中有机物总量去除率在６０％以上．１９种优先污染物有５种消失，另２１种有害物质中１０种浓度降至仪器检测限以下．与此同时，水中各种有机物的浓度均显著下降．中间产物中基本不含有害的物质．光催化氧化对城市自来水中有机污染物有令人满意的去除效果．     

Cadmium accumulation and tolerance of two castor cultivars in relation to antioxidant systems

To investigate the effects of Cd on tolerance and antioxidant activities of castor, two different castor（Ricinus communis L.） cultivars（Zibo No. 5 and Zibo No. 8） were used for a hydroponic experiment（0, 1 and 2 mg/L Cd） and a pot experiment using Cd-contaminated soil（34 mg/kg） with the addition of ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid（EDTA）. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two cultivars with respect to Cd uptake in shoots（113–248 mg/kg for Zibo No. 5 and 130–288 mg/kg Zibo No. 8）, biomass tolerance indexes（64.9%–74.6% for Zibo No. 5 and 80.1%–90.9% for Zibo No. 8） in the hydroponic experiment and survival rates（0% for Zibo No. 5 and 100% for Zibo No. 8）determined by the addition of EDTA in the pot experiment, suggesting that Zibo No. 8 has higher tolerance than Zibo No. 5. Moreover, the castor cultivars have low bioconcentration factors（4.80% for Zibo No. 5 and 5.43% for Zibo No. 8） and low translocation factors（〈1%）.Consequently, Zibo No. 8 can participate in Cd phytostabilization in highly Cd-polluted areas. The results indicated that glutathione（GSH） as a non-enzymatic antioxidant, and antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT） and guaiacol peroxidase（GPX）, were cultivar- and dose-dependent. The higher tolerance of Zibo No. 8compared with Zibo No. 5 can be attributed to the higher GSH levels in the root and higher GPX activity in the leaf.     

污水处理厂污泥处置及利用途径研究

本文指出必须重视城市污水处理厂剩余污泥的处理和处置问题。比较了各种污泥处置方式和国内外的应用状况，考虑到污泥富含营养物质，结合我国耕地缺乏有机质的国情，认为污泥的根本出路应是资源化利用。     

Chemical formation and source apportionment of PM2.5 at an urban site at the southern foot of the Taihang mountains

The region along the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain (NCP) is characterized by serious fine particle pollution. To clarify the formation mechanism and controlling factors, an observational study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the fine particulate matter in Jiaozuo city, China. Mass concentrations of the water-soluble ions (WSIs) in PM_2.5 and gaseous pollutant precursors were measured on an hourly basis from December 1, 2017, to February 27, 2018. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and the FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) model were employed to identify the sources of PM_2.5. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5 was 111 μg/m³ during the observation period. Among the major WSIs, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) constituted 62% of the total PM_2.5 mass, and NO₃^? ranked the highest with an average contribution of 24.6%. NH₄⁺ was abundant in most cases in Jiaozuo. According to chemical balance analysis, SO₄^2?, NO₃^?, and Cl^? might be present in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, NH₄Cl, and KCl. The liquid-phase oxidation of SO₂ and NO₂ was severe during the haze period. The relative humidity and pH were the key factors influencing SO₄^2- formation. We found that NO₃^? mainly stemmed from homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the daytime and originated from the hydrolysis of N₂O₅ in the nighttime, which was inconsistent with previous studies. The PMF model identified five sources of PM_2.5: secondary origin (37.8%), vehicular emissions (34.7%), biomass burning (11.5%), coal combustion (9.4%), and crustal dust (6.6%).     

尿中1-羟基芘的研究——人体接触多环芳烃的指标

对尿中1-羟基芘的分离和测定方法进行了研究和改进。10ml尿样经酶水解后,用反相高压液相色谱-荧光检测器分析,一小时左右即可得到定量结果,1-羟基芘的检出限为0.047ng。测定了对照组、交通警和焦炉工人尿中1-羟基芘的含量。讨论了人尿中1-羟基芘的量和接触多环芳烃的关系,认为尿中的1-羟基芘可做为人体接触空气中多环芳烃的一个指标。     

Pollution characteristics of the recent sediments in the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal, China

Spatial distribution of heavy metals, arsenic and organic matter in recent sediments in the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal and their relationships were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals and organic matters varied widely along the canal, and the average geological accumulation factors decreased in the following orders: organic carbon(2.6), zinc(2.1 ), cadmium(2.0), copper( 1.5), lead(1.1), nitrogen(0.9), mercury (0.8), phosphorus(0.4), arsenic(0.2) and chromium(0). Content of heavy metals and organic carbon in the top 10 cm layer were lower than that of lower layers, except for mercury and organic carbon in the S9 section. Contents of organic carbon in the top 50 cm layer of the mud sediments are significantly higher than those undemeath. In the bottom mud layer, there is a concentration peak of the pollutants. In the mud sediments of the canal, cadmium mainly occurred in the Fe and Mn oxide fraction, copper in the organic fraction, lead in the Fe and Mn oxide fraction, and zinc in the carbonate and the Fe and Mn oxide fraction.     

应用主成分分析法研究海州湾的污染状况

本文应用主成分分析法对海州湾１９个测站的九项污染指标进行了研究，把整个海湾的污染分成了六个类型，指出了各类中应优先控制的污染因子及污染源，同时排除了对本海湾污染贡献较小的三项指标。     

嗜根寡养单胞菌DSM14405T对高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)的抗性及其还原特性分析

为了寻找植物-微生物联合治理Cr（VI）污染的合适微生物,分析了一株植物根际促生菌——嗜根寡养单胞菌DSM 14405^T（Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM 14405^T）对不同浓度Cr（VI）的还原能力、Cr（VI）还原最适培养条件、对连续投加Cr（VI）的还原能力及高浓度Cr（VI）处理不同时间的转录组变化.结果表明,嗜根寡养单胞菌DSM 14405^T在24 h内对10、50、200和500 mg·L^-1 Cr（VI）的还原率分别为100%、92.4%、26.2%和16.5%,且在30℃、pH=7.5、转速180 r·min^-1条件下培养能最经济、高效地还原Cr（VI）.该菌能在64 h内完全还原2次所投加的50 mg·L^-1的Cr（VI）,第3次投加后仅能还原55.2%左右.比较转录组学分析可得,200 mg·L^-1Cr（VI）作用下,嗜根寡养单胞菌DSM 14405^T细胞表现出显著的抗性.具体表现为：大幅度上调胞内消除有毒自由基的相关基因、DNA修复相关基因以防止DNA因自由基受损,同时下调细胞组分及蛋白代谢等与细胞抗性相关性低的通路.并且,随着Cr（VI）的还原和细胞对环境的适应,Cr（VI）抗性相关基因及通路的调节在长时暴露中明显少于短时暴露.本研究为Cr（VI）污染的原位植物-微生物联合治理提供了可选菌株和理论依据.