顺序注射阻抑动力学光度法测定环境水样中的对苯二酚

在酸性条件下,利用对苯二酚能够阻抑碱性藏花红和溴酸钾反应的原理,联用顺序注射分析技术建立了快速测定环境水样中对苯二酚的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,对苯二酚的线性范围为0.05~1.50μg·m L~(-1),检出限为0.02μg·m L~(-1),完成一次分析循环总的试剂消耗仅为0.125 m L。该方法用于自来水、地表水和河水中对苯二酚的测定,结果与HPLC法所得结果对照,无显著性差异。     

铁路车务系统安全保障体系研究

以分析铁路车务系统安全管理现状为出发点,提出了"红线"管理理论,运用系统安全理论,构建了铁路车务系统安全保障体系框架,具体包括安全预防体系和应急响应体系两部分,并且分别从理论、技术和"红线"管理理论三方面进行了分析。     

Poplar plantation has the potential to alter the water balance in semiarid Inner Mongolia

Poplar plantation is the most dominant broadleaf forest type in northern China. Since the mid-1990s plantation was intensified to combat desertification along China's northwestern border, i.e., within Inner Mongolia (IM). This evoked much concern regarding the ecological and environmental effects on areas that naturally grow grass or shrub vegetation. To highlight potential consequences of large-scale poplar plantations on the water budget within semiarid IM, we compared the growing season water balance (evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation (PPT)) of a 3-yr old poplar plantation (Kp₃) and a natural shrubland (Ks) in the Kubuqi Desert in western IM, and a 6-yr old poplar plantation (Bp₆) growing under sub-humid climate near Beijing. The results showed that, despite 33% lower PPT at Kp₃, ET was 2% higher at Kp₃ (228 mm) as compared with Ks (223 mm) in May–September 2006. The difference derived mainly from higher ET at the plantation during drier periods of the growing season, which also indicated that the poplars must have partly transpired groundwater. Estimated growing season ET at Bp₆ was about 550 mm and more than 100% higher than at Kp₃. It is estimated that increases in leaf area index and net radiation at Kp₃ provide future potential for the poplars in Kubuqi to exceed the present ET and ET of the natural shrubland by 100–200%. These increases in ET are only possible through the permanent use of groundwater either directly by the trees or through increased irrigation. This may significantly change the water balance in the area (e.g., high ET at the cost of a reduction in the water table), which renders large-scale plantations a questionable tool in sustainable arid-land management.     

生活垃圾堆肥过程中腐殖质及有机态氮组分的变化

利用实际城市生活垃圾,采用工厂化工艺进行堆肥试验,探讨在堆肥过程中腐殖质及有机态氮组分的动态变化.结果表明,随着堆肥的进行,有机碳、富里酸、全氮、酸水解性有机氮含量均有不同程度的降低,与堆肥前相比,降低幅度分别为53.00%、64.73%、21.78%、22.80%.而腐殖质、胡敏酸、氨基酸态氮则分别在堆肥的第35d达到最低点,而后呈逐渐增加的趋势.酰胺态氮、氨基糖态氮在堆肥的第21d达到最高峰.堆肥过程中,腐殖质与胡敏酸、酸水解有机态氮与全氮含量显著相关.胡敏酸的红外光谱分析结果表明,堆肥后胡敏酸分子的芳构化程度明显增强.     

企业铁路运输开展“危险预知”活动模式的探讨

根据金川公司铁路运输企业安全工作实际,提出安全“危险预知”活动的概念,同时介绍了开展危险预知活动的方法、内容、效果,指出“危险预知”活动是企业实现安全预防为主,自主管理的很好模式。     

Assessing cypermethrin-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

A series of tests (lethal,sublethal,and behavioral) on earthworms were conducted as an eco-assessment of pesticides.In this study,the toxicity of cypermethrin-contaminating soil on adult and juvenile earthworms was assessed.Beside the acute and chronic tests,an avoidance response test was carried out.It was shown that the all-round toxicity from cypermethrin was weak on adult earthworms.Compared with adult earthworms,the toxicity of juvenile earthworms from cypermethrin especially chronic toxicity increased...     

西藏甲马铜多金属矿床的岩浆热液交代成因:地质与地球化学证据

西藏甲马铜多金属矿床的成因前人已提出了很多种观点。根据野外地质特征的观察 ,并结合矿区和区域岩矿石的微量元素、常量元素和稀土元素的分析与对比 ,作者认为该矿床的成因属于岩浆热液交代矽卡岩型矿床 ,推测其成矿时代为喜山早期。     

基于CAMx模型的珠江口东岸秋季臭氧来源解析

秋季是广东省臭氧(O_3)污染最严重的季节。以三维空气质量模型(CAMx)为工具,选取深圳西乡为研究对象,综合运用多种手段深入研究珠江口东岸秋季O_3污染过程及生成的敏感性,并定量研究了O_3的来源。结果表明:受偏北贴地气流的影响,珠江口东岸秋季容易发生O_3污染;珠江口东岸秋季午后O_3浓度有约60%是背景浓度,深圳本地排放对O_3的贡献较少,而周边地区东莞市和惠州市对O_3的贡献较大(午后O_3最高浓度约10μg/m3),梅州市、河源市和广州市也有一定的O_3贡献,但广东省其他地区对O_3的贡献较少,可以忽略,而江西省和福建省对O_3的贡献较大,在午后约有20%~30%的O_3浓度贡献;按排放类型分,除去背景浓度,秋季对珠江口东岸O_3贡献最大的排放源是火电、工业和飞机高架排放源,午后O_3浓度贡献可达15μg/m3,其次是天然源和交通源,午后O_3浓度分别各贡献10μg/m3左右;秋季,珠江口东岸的O_3在早上与傍晚大多在NOx敏感区内生成,中午前后更多的O_3在VOCS敏感区内生成。要控制珠江口东岸地区的O_3污染,应在秋季重点控制北面省市的火电、工业高架源排放等。     

祁连山冻土区土壤活动层与冻土层中甲烷代谢微生物群落结构特征

冻土土壤中的甲烷代谢微生物可氧化或产生甲烷,影响着甲烷所参与的碳循环过程,对于全球温室气体的释放和调节具有重要的作用.对祁连山冻土区土壤活动层与冻土层中的甲烷代谢微生物产甲烷菌(Methanogens)和甲烷氧化菌(Methanotrophs)的群落结构组成进行研究.通过对产甲烷菌的mcrA基因和甲烷氧化菌的pmoA基因进行PCR扩增,分别构建其基因克隆文库,并通过序列同源比对进行系统发育分析和多样性分析.结果显示:冻土土壤活动层中的产甲烷菌包括Rice cluster Ⅰ、Methanosarcinaceae、Methanomicrobiales、Methanosaetaceae、Methanobacteriaceae五种类型,而在土壤冻土层则包括了Rice cluster Ⅰ、Methanosarcinaceae、Methanobacteriaceae三种类型.土壤活动层的甲烷氧化菌由隶属于α-Proteobacteria(Type Ⅱ)的Methylocystis和隶属于γ-Proteobacteria(Type Ⅰ)的Methylobacter两种类型群体组成,而土壤冻土层中则只包括了Methylocystis这一种类型.由此可见,冻土土壤活动层与冻土层中的甲烷代谢微生物群落结构存在一定的差异.     

某汽油吸附脱硫装置职业病危害调查

介绍了某汽油吸附脱硫装置存在的职业病危害因素类型、分布和检测结果,分析了职业病危害防护措施,提出了补充措施建议。