泥石流危险度的改进集对分析模型

泥石流危险度的正确评估是泥石流灾害治理和工程措施的基础,但泥石流危险度评价是一个极其复杂的不确定性问题.基于集对分析理论,探讨了泥石流危险度的集对分析改进新方法,即基于样本评价指标实测值与讨论泥石流标准危险度类别间的接近程度,判别集对同异反,进而应用模糊联系度的概念挖掘样本与讨论类别相邻类别的集对同异反有效信息,以综合定量分析样本的危险度,从而提高评价结果的町靠性和准确性.实例应用及与其他方法对比结果表明,基于改进的集对分析方法来评价泥石流危险度是有效可行的,町以取得理想的结果,且操作简单.     

家庭避震

①迅速关闭电源和煤气保持镇定并迅速关团电源;如果在厨房,赶快关掉煤气,尽量远离炉具、燃气管道及易破损的碗碟. ②打开大门防止地震造成门柱扭曲变形而难于打开,影响逃生.     

论防震减灾事业的智库

面对严重的地震灾害,我国人民一直在努力探索减轻地震灾害的途径和对策。在地震灾害面前,我们需要一个富有应变能力的决策系统,     

秋季平补

中医曰“四季五补“,即春季“升补”,夏季“清补“,秋季“平补”,冬季”滋补”,四季宜“通补”。     

防震救灾：高科技之路

高新技术在防震减灾事业中的作用与地位．在1999年8月17日土耳其7.4级地震抗震救灾中大显身手．充分显示出威力和作用．使我们在抢险救灾时面对被埋压人员的用境和无奈时看到了希望．得到解脱。从中醒悟到,科学技术是防震减灾的重要手段．是推动减灾事业发展的推动力。在防灾上．科技含量越高．伤亡人数就会越少;在救灾上,高科技手段越多．从死亡边缘拉回来的人就越多。在2008年四川汶川大地震抗震救灾中．卫星遥感等先进技术也发挥突出的作用．为抢救人民生命财产赢得了时间．提供准确的信息支持。     

我国应急管理的发展现状与未来路径分析

2003年非典过后,我国应急管理"一案三制"体系正式提出并逐步构建,随后应急管理体系得到迅速完善,但总体来看还是"摸着石头过河".十八大后,习总书记提出国家总体安全观、防范和化解重大风险等重大战略安排和制度选择;十九大以来,国家机构改革组建应急管理部、召开十九届四中全会,明确提出要实现应急管理体系和能力现代化,为应急管...     

Molecular sex identification of sable and stone marten

Sable (Martes zibellina) and stone marten (Martes foina) populations are declining sharply and both species are threatened in China. Knowing the sex ratio of a population is important for long-term conservation and development of management plans for endangered marten species. We here describe the application of a novel PCR-RFLP method for sex determination in these two marten species. We developed a new designed primer pair (ZFLB1 and ZFLB2) that yields a smaller ZFX/ZFY PCR product (246 bp), which in combination with RFLP analysis, provides a simple and reliable method for gender determination in Martes zibellina and Martes foina. The method can be used on tissue and non-invasively collected hair samples for sex identification in wild marten populations, and is powerful for monitoring population status and trend of endangered martens.     

Effects of sediment burial disturbance on macro and microelement dynamics in decomposing litter of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> in the coastal marsh of the Yellow River estuary,China

From April 2008 to November 2009, a field decomposition experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sediment burial on macro (C, N) and microelement (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Mn) variations in decomposing litter of Phragmites australis in the coastal marsh of the Yellow River estuary. Three one-off sediment burial treatments [no sediment burial (0 mm year^?1, S₀), current sediment burial (100 mm year^?1, S₁₀), and strong sediment burial (200 mm year^?1, S₂₀)] were laid in different decomposition sites. Results showed that sediment burials showed significant influence on the decomposition rate of P. australis, in the order of S₁₀ (0.001990 day^?1)?≈?S₂₀ (0.001710 day^?1)?>?S₀ (0.000768 day^?1) (p?<?0.05). The macro and microelement in decomposing litters of the three burial depths exhibited different temporal variations except for Cu, Zn, and Ni. No significant differences in C, N, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Mn concentrations were observed among the three burial treatments except for Cu and Ni (p?>?0.05). With increasing burial depth, N, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Mn concentrations generally increased, while C, Pb, and Zn concentrations varied insignificantly. Sediment burial was favorable for C and N release from P. australis, and, with increasing burial depth, the C release from litter significantly increased, and the N in litter shifted from accumulation to release. With a few exceptions, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Mn stocks in P. australis in the three treatments evidenced the export of metals from litter to environment, and, with increasing burial depth, the export amounts increased greatly. Stocks of Cu and Ni in P. australis in the S₁₀ and S₂₀ treatments were generally positive, evidencing incorporation of the two metals in most sampling times. Except for Ni, the variations of C, N, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Mn stocks in P. australis in the S₁₀ and S₂₀ treatments were approximated, indicating that the strong burial episodes (S₂₀) occurred in P. australis marsh in the future would have little influence on the stocks of these elements. With increasing burial depths, the P. australis was particularly efficient in binding Cu and Ni and releasing C, N, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Mn, implying that the potential eco-toxic risk of Pb, Cr, Zn, and Mn exposure might be very serious. This study emphasized the effects of different burials on nutrient and metal cycling and mass balance in the P. australis marsh of the Yellow River estuary.