On the study of ecosystem health:state of the art

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｕｒｉｎｇｌａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅｓ,ｔｈｅｔｅｒｍ“ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｈｅａｌｔｈ”ｉｓｕｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｉｎｔｈｅｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ.Ｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｕ...     

Concurrency: a system design approach to environmental management and sustainability

The lessons of history indicate that mismanagement of natural resources and the environment often leads to potentially adverse consequences.The increasing interest in economic development,particularly in the developing countries of the world coupled with increasing population pressures and the globalization of economic activity is placing noticeable stresses on the ultimate sustainability of both human and environmental systems.Sustainable development is not a new concept.It has been an area of concern for different elements of society for some time.Yet efforts to understand the implications of sustainable development have not,until recently,been formalized.We have focused singularly on economic development and environmental quality as if they were mutually exclusive.This paper focuses on the concept of concurrency as both a conceptual framework and practicable method of understanding and implementing the ecology and economy of sustainability.     

地塞米松生产中毒性物质泄漏的定性定量分析

采用预先危险性分析和事故树分析剖地塞米松生产过程中毒物质产生中毒事故的危险性。指出溴甲烷和氟化氢是典型毒物。同时，利用泄漏和扩散模型定量分析它们泄漏所造成的危险性。结果表明：溴甲烷泄漏时，地面轴线浓度可以达到９２．３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，远大于其急性中毒阈值，并制定了相应的预防性工程措施。     

辛基酚的体内类雌激素活性评价

利用体内大鼠子宫增重试验检测辛基酚（OP）的类雌激素活性，并对其观测终点及影响因素进行了初步研究。结果显示，OP经大鼠体内染毒，可引起大鼠子宫湿重、子宫内皮细胞厚度、子宫腺数量明显增加，具有明显的类雌激素活性。三条染毒途径检测敏感度腹腔染毒＞经皮下染毒＞经灌胃染毒。     

应用水质模型方法研究河流污染控制

应用水质模型对河流污染控制进行研究，经济、方便、有效。讨论了水质模型方法的原理、必然性、种类、建立步骤和应用范围，并以黄浦江为例，对水质模型的建立与应用进行了说明。     

The study for polyaromatic hydrocarbons decay on Chinese coal soot particles in atmosphere

A study for the photochemical behavior of some polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), for example B(a )P, B( k )F and fluoranthene in coal smoke particles was performed by using indoor Teflon smog chamber.Experiments suggest that the photochemical reaction of PAH is first order reaction and kinetic rates of some PAH were obtained. It was shown that the reaction rate constant is proportional to light intensity and water vapor concentration. Temperature and PAH loading also have influence on PAH decay rate. A model for PAH loss has been set up on the basis of the results of our experiments and the simulating results of this model suggest that coal particle PAH half lives are of the order of a period of days in winter and a few hours in summer. Other factors which may have effect on the photochemical reaction of PAH have also been discussed.     

The buffering effects of aquatic sediments against acidic deposition

ＴｈｅｂｕｆｆｅｒｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓａｇａｉｎｓｔａｃｉｄｉｃｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎＬｉａｏＢｏｈａｎ；ＴａｎｇＨｏｎｇｘｉａｏ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｅｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ...     

模拟医疗废物在管式电阻炉上的热解特性研究

在管式电阻炉上对由聚丙烯、面巾纸、纱布、医用脱脂棉、一次性口罩、医用乳胶手套等按一定比例组成的模拟医疗废物在氮气气氛进行了热解研究。重点探讨了10K／min，20K／min，30K／min和40K／min等不同升温速率对热解产物分布、产气特性和热解过程的影响。结果表明，随着温度升高，模拟废物的热解产生气体的主要成分逐渐由CO2和CO转变为C3H6、CH4、C2H6、C2H4和C3H8。同时，热解处理对模拟废物的减量化效果比较明显，固体残留率仅为5．61％～7．02％。而且，加热速率对模拟医疗废物热解过程的影响较大。     

Effect of long-term fertilization on soil nitrate distribution

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｆｏｒａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｂｕｔｕｎｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｙａｐｐｌｙｉｎｇｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｃｏｕｌｄｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｓｕｃｈａｓｃｒｏｐｑｕａｌｉｔｙｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ,ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｕｓｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅ,ｒｅｓｉｄｕａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｒｉｖｅｒｓａｎｄｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｅｄ …     

西藏食物保障度分析及对策

食物保障是西藏社会性经济可持续发展重要问题之一。分析表明，西藏食物保障度及目标因食物种类而异。尽管粮食总产及单产均持续增长，但结构性短缺问题难以解决，粮食保障不应过分强调自给率目标；肉类中羊肉自给，但猪肉基本依靠内地；蔬菜保障存在生产不稳定问题，如何提高生产的稳定性是问题的关键。对居民营养摄入量及结构的分析表明，城乡居民食物消费结构及来源结构有较大差异，城镇居民食物消费与内地差异不大，而乡村居民的食物消费呈现极显著的本地化特征；分析还表明，城乡居民生活支出中有一半以上用于食物，表明收入和生活水平还不高，特别要关注低收入居民的食物问题。为此，粮食不应继续作为食物保障的重点，重点应在鲜活食物的保障；建立包括开放食物流通系统和开放食物生产系统在内的开放的食物保障系统；改善交通运输条件、增进食物空间可达性，包括增进食物生产资料空间可达性和改善畜产品外销通径；增强储备意识和能力：保障贫困人口食物供给：广辟食物来源。