Spatio-temporal trends and influencing factors of PM2.5 concentrations in urban agglomerations in China between 2000 and 2016

An urban agglomeration (UA), similar to a megalopolis or a metropolitan area, is a region where cities and people are concentrated, and where air pollution has adversely impacted on sustainable and high quality development. Studies on the spatio-temporal trends and the factors which influence PM_2.5 concentrations may be used as a reference to support air pollution control policy for major UAs throughout the world. Nineteen UAs in China covering the years 2000–2016 were chosen as the research object, the PM_2.5 concentrations being used to reflect air pollution and being estimated from analysis of remote sensing images. The Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis method was used to study the spatio-temporal trends for PM_2.5 concentrations, and the Geodetector method was used to examine the factors influencing the PM_2.5 concentrations. The results revealed that (i) the temporal trend for the average values of the PM_2.5 concentrations in the UAs followed an inverted U-shaped curve and the inflection points of the curve occurred in 2007. (ii) The PM_2.5 concentrations in the UAs exhibited significant global spatial autocorrelation with the high–high type and the low–low type being the main categories. (iii) The rate of land urbanization and the structure of energy consumption were the main factors which influenced the PM_2.5 concentrations in the UAs.

     

Response of bacterial communities to mining activity in the alpine area of the Tianshan Mountain region,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anthropogenic activities, such as mining, influence soil bacterial community composition and microbial distributions. In the current study, the...     

How can government environmental enforcement and corporate environmental responsibility consensus reduce environmental emergencies?

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Environmental emergencies have become a severe challenge to human society due to their great harmfulness, which seriously restrict the sustainable...     

Influences of sediment properties and macrophytes on phosphorous speciation in the intertidal marsh

Phosphorus (P) in wetlands is mainly bound to sediment in various species, which is essential to predict water column P levels. The purpose of this work is to understand the influences of sediment properties and vegetation types on P speciation. Sediments under four vegetation types in the tidal flat and offshore sandbar in Hangzhou Bay of China were collected seasonally. The rank order of P species in sediment based on concentration was exchangeable P (Exch-P)?相似文献   

行波管性能测试用试验箱的结构特点及其设计

介绍了一种专门用于行波管性能测试的试验箱的设计过程。在对试验箱结构特点进行分析的基础上,通过结构设计、制冷系统设计和控制系统设计,尤其在风道结构布局方面的创新设计,成功研制了该型试验箱,并在生产过程中得到了实际应用。     

季节性温度升高对落干期消落带土壤氮矿化影响

为揭示季节性温度升高对消落带落干期土壤氮矿化的影响,分别采集三峡支流澎溪河消落带上游和下游两个水文断面,155 m(低)、165 m(中)和175 m(高)这3个水位高程表层土壤,结合落干期气温变化特点,在25℃和35℃两个温度下进行恒温培养.结果表明,消落带土壤总氮和硝态氮在上游断面和高水位高程含量更高,而下游和低水位高程含量更低,铵态氮分布与其相反.硝态氮是无机氮的主要存在形式,占无机氮的57.4%~84.7%.相同培养温度下,氨化、硝化、净氮矿化速率均表现为随水位高程增加,随流域断面由下至上而显著增加(P0.05);总体上,在水位高程和流域断面上均表现为:温度升高使硝化速率和净氮矿化速率显著增加(P0.05),而对土壤氨化速率无显著影响(P0.05).     

微波辐照褐煤半焦脱除低浓度NO的研究

选用褐煤半焦在微波辐照条件下脱除低浓度NO,研究了微波功率、空速、停留时间和O2浓度对脱硝率的影响。结果表明,在微波加热条件下,功率越大,褐煤半焦温度越高,脱硝效果越好。在微波功率250 W时(半焦中心温度400℃左右),脱硝率达到92%,空速越小即停留时间越长,越有利于NO的去除,O2的加入有利于促进NO的还原。褐煤半焦的脱硝性能仅次于活性炭,远高于焦炭,证实了选取的褐煤半焦是一种性能优越的微波脱硝材料。     

上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。     

一起电力线路球头挂环断裂失效的事故分析

针对某电力线路上一起球头挂环断裂事故,通过外观检查、力学性能测试及金相组织检验等方法进行分析,找出事故原因并提出治理措施。金属检测和金相分析结果表明:受力异常是球头挂环失效的外因,显微组织异常是球头挂环失效的内因,内外因共同作用导致球头挂环断裂。     

常见离子对蛋壳粉吸附溶液中磷的影响

研究了水体中常见离子对蛋壳粉吸附溶液中磷的影响.实验结果表明,SO2-4、Cl-和NO-3的存在,对天然蛋壳粉吸附磷过程产生协同作用,但协同作用不明显;HCO-3表现出吸附抑制作用;Ca2+和Mg2+表现出较为显著的吸附协同作用,其中Ca2+最为显著;NH+4离子存在时,几乎不产生影响.富集系数和吸附平衡下降率均可有效表述常见离子对蛋壳粉吸附磷过程的影响程度.