Neurotoxicity and transcriptome changes in embryonic zebrafish induced by halobenzoquinone exposure

Halobenzoquinones(HBQs) are emerging disinfection byproducts(DBPs) with a widespread presence in drinking water that exhibit much higher cytotoxicity than regulated DBPs. However, the developmental neurotoxicity of HBQs has not been studied in vivo. In this work, we studied the neurotoxicity of HBQs on zebrafish embryos, after exposure to varying concentrations(0-8 μmol/L) of three HBQs, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,5-DCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DCBQ), and 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoqu...     

玻璃纸生产废气中CS2和H2S的治理

阐述了玻璃纸生产中CS2和H2S废气产生的原理,介绍了该废气处理的现状,总结了目前普遍采用的冷凝法、活性炭吸附法、活性碳纤维吸附法、改性活性炭吸附法、螯合铁氧化法、吸收-吸附法等处理方法的特点和效果。介绍了一种先采用螯合铁氧化法、再采用冷凝法、最后采用活性炭吸附法的综合处理工艺,可使废气达标排放。     

Thermal conversion of rice husks and sawdust to liquid fuel

The paper focuses on studying the conversion of rice husks and sawdust into liquid fuel. Rice husks, sawdust and their mixture are pyrolyzed at temperatures between 420 and 540 degrees C, and the main product of liquid fuel is obtained. The experimental result shows that the yield of liquid fuel depends on various factors such as feedstock and temperature. The maximum yields for rice husks, sawdust and their mixture are 56%, 61% and 60% at 465, 490 and 475 degrees C, respectively. Analyses with GC-MS and other apparatus show that the liquid fuel is a complicated compound with low caloric value and can be directly used as a fuel oil for combustion in a boiler or a furnace without any upgrading. Alternatively, the fuel can be refined to be used by vehicles.     

山东崂山生物多样性及保护对策

根据多年来对青岛崂山生物资源的调查和文献资料,研究了崂山生物多样性的特点,分析了其在山东生物多样性保护中的地位,提出了崂山生物多样性保护对策和建议.研究表明:崂山生物多样性具有物种丰富度高、密度大,特有种、重点保护物种多,植物成分复杂,生态系统类型多样,古树名木众多,遗传多样性丰富的特点,崂山是山东乃至全国生物多样性保护的“关键区“之一.     

长江河口硅和磷生源要素质量浓度的变化特征

根据近年来长江河口区域内大通水文站的记录和近期在长江入海河口区上海段多个采样点的生源要素质量浓度实测数据,比较水中可溶性硅酸盐和磷酸盐的质量浓度,分析在长江入海河口区水中硅和磷元素含量的主要变化特征.结果表明,长江水中的硅酸盐和磷酸盐从长江入海河口进入大海的过程中,其质量浓度有降低的趋势,它们在长江入海河口的多年的质量浓度变化趋势是相反的.长江入海河口区域上游的磷酸盐质量浓度升高幅度较大,而硅酸盐变化不大,硅酸盐、磷酸盐质量浓度在长江河口区进入海洋的过程中迅速降低.      

分散式污水处理设施集约化管理创新探索

随着近年来大量农村污水处理设施的新建,项目污水处理设施面广、点多、单体规模小、污染物浓度变化大、经营困难等问题凸显,如何突破困境找到一条相对适合分散式污水处理设施的运营管理十分必要。本文提出了集约化管理创新探索,在生产标准化管理、人力资源管理、安全管理、设备设施管理及物资管理等方面全方位的总结了运营管理经验,为分散式污水处理设施管理提供了参考和借鉴。     

含锌废物综合利用项目环境影响评价工程探索

工业生产的废物当中包含多种重金属,例如钢铁厂的粉尘当中就含有锌。含锌粉尘不仅会在高炉内循环和富集,影响高炉的运行,还会造成环境污染。基于此,本文主要分析含锌废物综合利用,对该项目进行环境评价,探讨有效的对策,以提高含锌废物综合利用的科学性,提高环境保护等级。     

大气颗粒物中环境持久性自由基的电子顺磁共振检测方法

大气颗粒物中的环境持久性自由基具有强氧化性,参与大气中诸多化学反应,影响空气质量,进而影响人体健康,因此对其定性、定量检测具有重要意义,然而现阶段并没有成熟有效的分析检测方法.本文利用电子顺磁共振波谱仪,对比大气颗粒物的3种进样方式,建立了便捷、有效的大气颗粒物中环境持久性自由基检测方法.首先,配制不同标准物质(或溶液),确定仪器的最佳检测参数和大气颗粒物的最低响应浓度(或质量).然后,分别使用水洗脱法和有机溶剂提取法对大气颗粒物进行前处理,优化大气颗粒物的水洗脱和有机提取条件,对比大气颗粒物直接进样、水洗脱样和有机提取样的测定结果.最后,确定了上述3种进样方法的适用条件,即直接检测法适用于石英膜和Teflon膜样品,且操作简便,易于定量测定大气颗粒物中自由基的浓度;水洗脱法仅适用于Teflon膜样品,但需要已知颗粒物洗脱效率才能定量计算;有机溶剂提取法不能有效的提取的颗粒物上的自由基.     

Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

• Washed MSWI fly ash was used as partial cement or sand substitute. • Sand replacing is beneficial for strength, while cement replacement reduces strength. • Cementing efficiency factor and mortar pore structure explain the strength results. • Health risk assessment was conducted for MSWI fly ash blended cement mortar. • CR and HI contributed by different exposures and heavy metals were analyzed. The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount, whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute. A mortar with highest strength (compressive strength= 30.2 Mpa; flexural strength= 7.0 Mpa) was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%. The k value (cementing efficiency) of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5% and 25%. The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution. The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement, providing an explanation for the strength enhancement. The waste-extraction procedure (toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method (HJ/T 299-2007)) was used to evaluate metal leaching, indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar. For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%, the carcinogenic risks (CR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 × 10^-7 and 0.06, respectively; these results were both lower than the threshold values, showing an acceptable health risk. The CR (9.89 × 10^-5) and HQ (3.89) of the non-sensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values, indicating health risks to onsite workers. The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd, respectively. The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.     

Groundwater Modeling in Agricultural Watershed under Different Recharge and Discharge Scenarios for Quaternary Aquifer Eastern Nile Delta,Egypt

Different scenarios of recharge and discharge were assessed for sustainable management of groundwater in Quaternary aquifer east of Nile Delta. MODFLOW was utilized to investigate the effect of land use change and damming construction in the upstream of the Nile River on the current and short-term groundwater management strategies. The interpretive transient simulation was performed between 2004 and 2016 after steady-state calibration in 2004, and transient state from 2004 to 2013 with different irrigation recharges associated with land use change in this period. Sensitivity analysis was performed for hydraulic conductivities, recharge, and conductance parameters. The predictive transient simulation was run till 2023 under three scenarios of increasing pumping rates by 15, 30, and 50% for agriculture expansion and specified head reduction of Port Said Canal by 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 m associated with the reduction of Nile water levels after Grand Ethiopian Residence Dam, GERD operation in 2017. Results from the in- and out-flow budgets showed that groundwater aquifer is stable at the current rate of pumping till 2023. Groundwater heads decreased by 0.2 and 0.42 m in the southern section, and a slight increase in the northern part was noticed for the first and second scenarios, respectively. When additional pumping stress is applied (50% increase), groundwater head dropped by 0.66 m, and the storage is no longer able to maintain the aquifer capacity after 2020 (worst-case scenario).