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41.
Yuki Haga Motoharu Suzuki Chisato Matsumura Toshihiro Okuno Masahiro Tsurukawa Kazuo Fujimori Narayanan Kannan Roland Weber Takeshi Nakano 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(17):16446-16454
In this study, we analyzed hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in urine of both PCB transport workers and PCB researchers. A method to monitor OH-PCB in urine was developed. Urine was solid-phase extracted with 0.1% ammonia/ methanol (v/v) and glucuronic acid/sulfate conjugates and then decomposed using β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. After alkaline digestion/derivatization, the concentration of OH-PCBs was determined by HRGC/HRMS-SIM. In the first sampling campaign, the worker’s OH-PCB levels increased several fold after the PCB waste transportation work, indicating exposure to PCBs. The concentration of OH-PCBs in PCB transport workers’ urine (0.55~11 μg/g creatinine (Cre)) was higher than in PCB researchers’ urine (< 0.20 μg/g Cre). However, also a slight increase of OH-PCBs was observed in the researchers doing the air sampling at PCB storage area. In the second sampling, after recommended PCB exposure reduction measures had been enacted, the worker’s PCB levels did not increase during handling of PCB equipment. This suggests that applied safety measures improved the situation. Hydroxylated trichlorobiphenyls (OH-TrCBs) were identified as a major homolog of OH-PCBs in urine. Also, hydroxylated tetrachlorobiphenyls (OH-TeCBs) to hydroxylated hexachlorobiphenyls (OH-HxCBs) were detected. For the sum of ten selected major indicators, a strong correlation to total OH-PCBs were found and these can possibly be used as non-invasive biomarkers of PCB exposure in workers managing PCB capacitors and transformer oils. We suggest that monitoring of OH-PCBs in PCB management projects could be considered a non-invasive way to detect exposure. It could also be used as a tool to assess and improve PCB management. This is highly relevant considering the fact that in the next 10 years, approx. 14 million tons of PCB waste need to be managed. Also, the selected populations could be screened to assess whether exposure at work, school, or home has taken place. 相似文献
42.
Kan-ichiro Matsumura Rover J. Hijmans Yann Chemin Christopher D. Elvidge Kenji Sugimoto Wenbin Wu Yang-won Lee Ryosuke Shibasaki 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(2):301-313
Rice plays a major role in the global supply and demand for sustainable food production. The constraints of maintaining sustainable
rice production are closely linked to the relationship between the distribution patterns of human activity on the planet and
economic growth. Global patterns of rice production can be mapped by using various criteria linked to domestic income, population
patterns, and associated satellite brightness data of rice-producing regions. Prosperous regions have more electric lighting,
and there are documented correlations between gross domestic product (GDP) and nighttime light. We chose to examine global
rice production patterns on a geographical basis. For the purposes of this study, each country is considered to be made up
of regions, and rice production is discussed in terms of regional distribution. A region is delineated by its administrative
boundaries; the number of regions where rice is produced is about 13,839. We used gridded spatial population distribution
data overlain by nocturnal light imagery derived from satellite imagery. The resultant relationship revealed a correlation
between regional income (nominal values of GDP were used) and rice production in the world. The following criteria were used
to examine the supply and demand structure of rice. Global rice consumption = “caloric rice consumption per capita per day”
multiplied by “regional population values”. Regional rice yields = “country-based production” divided by “harvested area”
(multiple harvests are taken into account). Regional rice production = “regional harvested areas” multiplied by “rice yield
values”. We compared regional rice consumption and production values according to these methods. Analysis of the data sets
generated a map of rice supply and demand. Inter-regional shipping costs were not accounted for. This map can contribute to
the understanding of food security issues in rice-producing regions and to estimating potential population values in such
regions. 相似文献
43.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (TCDD) has been known to induce inflammatory signaling in a number of cell types and tissues. We found that in U937 macrophages TCDD causes rapid activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) within 30 min as judged by the increase in the serine 505 phosphorylated form of cPLA2 protein and the increased cellular release of free arachidonic acid. This initial action of TCDD is accompanied with the up-regulation of an important inflammation marker, COX-2 mRNA expression within 1 h, and by 3 h, several other markers become up-regulated. These effects appear to be dependent on the initial increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, and activation of cPLA2 and COX-2. A comparative study among three different human cell lines showed that activation of COX-2 within 1 h of action of TCDD is a common feature exhibited by all cell lines. On the other hand, the U937 macrophage line appears to be unique among them with respect to its ability to activate TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA expressions, and not requiring Src kinase in propagating the initial signaling of cPLA2. Based on the rapidity of activation of cPLA2 and COX-2, which occurs within 1 h of cell exposure to TCDD, when no change in mRNA expression of CYP1A1 has been observed, it is apparent that this unique action of TCDD is carried out through a distinct “nongenomic” pathway which, is clearly discernable from the classical, “genomic” action pathway of the AhR by not requiring the participation of ARNT. 相似文献
44.
Cafeteria, vegetable, fruit, and cattle manure are available year around at low cost and have the potential to complement each other for anaerobic digestion (AD). The objectives of this study were to determine the preferred mixing ratios and effects of feedstock to inoculum ratios for the optimal biogas production. The mesophilic digestion tests were performed with five mixing ratios of CW, VW, FW with CM and five feedstock to inoculum (F/I) ratios using batch anaerobic digesters. Co-digestion of CW, VW, FW with CM was carried out at F/I ratios of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0. The results showed that the F/I ratio significantly affected the biogas production rate. Increasing the CW, VW, FW in the CM resulted in an increased methane yield by decreasing the F/I ratios in the reactors from 5.0 to 1.0. The highest biogas yields of 591.3, 432.9, and 450.6 L/kg VSfeed were obtained with CW/CM (50:50), VW/CM (25:75), and FW/CM (25:75) ratios, respectively. At five F/Is tested, after 45 days of AD, the total biogas yields were determined to be 629.74, 552.64, 501.87, 464.66, and 396.04 L and 496.93, 460.02, 420.5, 398.14, and 336.20 L, and 455.03, 382.81, 349.78, 340.95, and 298.53 L, respectively. However, the highest average CH4 contents obtained at an F/I of 1.0 were 62.14%, 60.72%, and 61.08% that are 5.87%, 9.47%, and 10.17% higher than those obtained at F/I ratio of 5.0 for CW/CM (50:50), VW/CM (25:75), and FW/CM (25:75), respectively. 相似文献
45.
Hiroshi Takakuwa Takashi Miura Toru Matsumura Norie Hashi Michiyo Kubota Hiroshi Kutsukake Kazuhiro Muramatsu Takashi Kasamatsu Masahiro Okuda 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(17):16300-16308
It is necessary for companies supplying reclaimed oil to analyze polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), because there is a possibility of the presence of contaminants due to trace-level PCBs in the reclaimed oil. However, common analysis methods of PCBs are time-consuming and complicated. Fast-GC triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometer with the 13-component quantitation method is an official method for analyzing PCBs in insulating oil in Japan. This method is extremely fast and simplified. The purpose of this study involves an investigation of the aforementioned fast and simple method for potential use in the analysis of reclaimed oil. Furthermore, it was attempted to combine the method with sample preparation involving only hexane dilution. The effect of sample dilutions corresponding to 100, 300, and 500 times was evaluated for reducing the matrix effect. The matrix effect was suppressed at a dilution ratio equal to or exceeding 300 times. Calibration curves of four points, namely 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 ng/mL, (ignored origin) by using an internal standard method were prepared for the 13 components. The square of regression coefficient (R2) values of all calibration curves exceeded 0.997. This method was adopted for the analysis of reclaimed oil containing 0.5 μg/mL PCBs, which corresponds to the judgment criteria, and accurate quantitation (accuracy value, 94.0–102%) and good repeatability (%RSD, 3.6%) were obtained. Furthermore, the required sensitivity was maintained even when 800 samples were analyzed without a cleaning ion source and an exchanging analysis column. 相似文献
46.
Tomiyasu Takashi Yasumatsu Sora Kodamatani Hitoshi Kanzaki Ryo Takenaka Chisato Murao Satoshi Miyagawa Shuichi Nonaka Kenichi Ikeguchi Akiko Navarrete Ian A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(8):20052-20064
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To elucidate the dynamics of mercury emitted and released by artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activity and to estimate its impact on the... 相似文献
47.
Hu Z Navarro R Nomura N Kong H Wijesekara S Matsumura M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):12-18
Background There has been an increasing concern about the treatment and disposal of contaminated sediment from dredged river, harbor
or estuary due to the accumulated toxic organics such as dioxins and inorganics particularly heavy metals like Cr, Pb, Zn,
Cu, Hg and Cd. However, considering the huge amount of materials and financial costs involved, any candidate technology must
ultimately result to reusable residual by-products. This can only be made possible if the toxic pollutants are removed or
stabilized in the raw sediment and then fed back into the materials cycle. Currently, we are developing a pyrolysis process
for the commercial-scale cleanup of dioxins and heavy metal-contaminated river sediment to yield reusable char for various
economical applications. In this connection, this paper describes our preliminary investigation into the extent of dioxins
and heavy metal volatilization from actual contaminated sediment. The stabilization of certain metallic species particularly
Cr ions was studied.
Methods Laboratory scale pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a special horizontal lab-scale pyrolyzer. Sediment samples from
Shanghai Suzhou Creek and Tagonoura Harbor were pyrolyzed in the reactor under nitrogen gas at 800°C and different retention
times of 30, 60 and 90 min. A constant heating rate of 10°C min-1 was employed. The pyrolysis gas was first allowed to pass
through a cold trap to condense the tar. Uncondensed gases were then channeled through a column containing an adsorbent (XAD-2
Resin) for dioxins. Heavy metal concentrations in the initial and final sediment residues were analyzed by ICP (Nippon Jarrel-Ash)
following their acid and alkali (for Cr6+) digestion. Dioxins content of the pyrolysis char, tar, and exhaust gases in the
dioxin adsorbent were also determined. For comparative purpose, thermal treatment under air flow was conducted.
Results The data for the removal of heavy metals from Suzhou Creek sediment showed very significant reductions in Pb, Zn and Cr6+
content of the sediment at this condition. Percentage removals were 42.4%, 60.8% and 42.2%, respectively. The disappearance
of Cr6+ was due to reduction reactions rather than volatilization since the total Cr content remained almost unchanged. Other
heavy metals such as Cu, Fe and Ni showed very minimal reductions. Nonetheless, Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
(TCLP) tests confirmed that these residual heavy metals were rather stable in the pyrolysis char. Reduction of toxic Cr6+
at 42.2% has also been achieved by pyrolysis (with N2) as opposed to the more than 580 % increase in Cr6+ observed during
thermal oxidation (with air).
Discussion Pyrolysis also remove toxic organics particularly dioxins from the sediment. For the total dioxins, removal percentage of
99.9999% was achieved even at the lowest retention time of 30 min. Almost all polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxine (PCDDs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) were removed at any retention time. The TEQs detected from the solid residues were
mainly contributed by dioxin-like PCBs, yet these were present in relatively trace quantities. At the shortest retention time
of 30 min, only 0.000085 pg-TEQ g-1 of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was detected in the pyrolysis char. Furthermore, the
residual PCBs have very low toxicity ratings and none of the highly toxic PCBs, which were initially present in the sediment
such as 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB and 3,3',4,4'5,5'-HxCB, were detected in the char. Results further confirmed that most of the dioxins
that were removed were transferred to the gas phase so that volatilization may be considered as the main mechanism for their
removal.
Conclusion Some heavy metals particularly Pb and Zn can be volatilized under N2 pyrolysis at 800oC. Pyrolysis also prevented the formation
of more toxic Cr6+ ions and at the same time resulted to its reduction by around 42.2% contrast to the 580% increase during
thermal oxidation. PCDDs and PCDFs have been removed and were not formed in the solid products over the retention time range
of 30-90 min at 800°C. Dioxin-like PCBs mostly remained and a retention time of 30 min was found sufficient for its maximum
removal.
Recommendations and Perspective . With the above results, a temperature of 800oC at a retention time of 30 min is sufficient for the removal of total dioxins
and some heavy metals by volatilization. It is however necessary to destroy the dioxins as well as recover heavy metals in
the gas phase. Stability of remaining heavy metals in the char also needs to be confirmed by leaching tests. These are the
major concerns, which we are currently evaluating to establish the feasibility of our proposed large scale pyrolysis system
for sediment treatment. 相似文献
48.
Takashi Matsumura Hitoshi Sadakata Hiroshi Makihata Masahiko Yoshino 《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2013,15(1):8-13
A micro fabrication is presented to control wettability on cylinder surfaces. A machine tool is developed to form the micro-scale structure on the cylinder in incremental stamping. The stamping tool is manufactured with fabricating the micro-scale structure on the top of the tool in FIB sputtering. The micro incremental stamping is repeated with linear motion of the tool and rotation of the workpiece. The rotation is controlled by the friction drive on the machine table because of the stable stamping with reducing bending of the workpiece. The critical stamping depth, the minimum depth in which the structure is formed, is determined in the forming tests using the structured tool. Then, a stripe type structure is formed to control wettability on the cylinder surface. Anisotropic wettability appears on the structured surface. 相似文献
49.
Shuichi Matsumura Kiminori Amaya Sadao Yoshikawa 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(1):23-29
Partially dicarboxylated polyuronide having a variable amount of unreacted sugar blocks as an enzymatically cleavable segment was prepared by the controlled oxidation of pectic acid and alginic acid. It was found that partially dicarboxylated polyuronides containing uronide blocks showed better biodegradability than those having no uronide block in the polycarboxylate chain. The rate of biodegradation varies according to the degree of dicarboxylation. It was confirmed that dicarboxy polyuronides containing more than 70% unreacted uronide residues tended to biodegrade quickly. The biodegradability obtained by the BOD test and the enzymatic degradability are well correlated, suggesting that these polymers are first cleaved at the sugar blocks by carbohydrase with subsequent assimilation of the resultant oligomeric fractions. Detergency was dependent on the content of the carboxylate groups in the polymer. The polymers with high carboxylate contents showed better builder performance. The detergency of dicarboxy pectic acid was better than that of dicarboxy alginic acid when compared on the basis of an equal degree of dicarboxylation. 相似文献
50.
The paper presents a micro dimple machining on a cylinder surface with a two-flutes ball end mill. When the cutter axis is inclined and the depth of cut is less than the tool radius, non-cutting time, during which neither of the two cutting edges contacts the workpiece, appears in a rotation of the cutter. The rotation of the workpiece and the feed of the tool are controlled so that the cutting areas do not overlap each other. In order to incline the tool with respect to the tangential direction on the cylinder surface, the tool is located at a position oriented at 45° from the top of the cylinder. An analytical model is presented to control the shapes of the dimples with the cutting parameters. The presented machining is verified in cutting tests with measuring the shape and the profile of the dimples. Pre-machining operations are conducted to have a high cylindricity of the workpiece in longitudinal turning and polishing. The cutter runout of the tool is also eliminated by adjusting the orientation and the position of the tool in the collet chuck with measuring the cutting force. The micro dimples are machined accurately as they are simulated. 相似文献