上海市区排水管道通沟污泥处理处置探讨

介绍了上海市排水管道通沟污泥处理处置现状及存在的问题.就如何合理有效的处理处置市区通沟污泥,从拓展污泥处置出路、建立污泥中转体系、出台配套管理措施等3个方面提出了对策建议.     

乙草胺对蛋白核小球藻的毒性效应研究

乙草胺是我国使用量最大的除草剂之一,在水体中广泛存在。已有研究证明,乙草胺对人类、老鼠和鱼类具有毒害效应,而关于其对浮游植物影响的研究较少。以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)为模型,使用1～10 000μg·L~(-1)的乙草胺对其进行7 d的暴露实验,考察小球藻生长性能、叶绿素含量、光合作用产氧量以及光合作用相关基因(pbsA、rbcL和rbcS)表达的变化。结果表明,较低浓度的乙草胺可刺激蛋白核小球藻生长,而较高浓度乙草胺则会抑制其生长;并且乙草胺会通过影响小球藻叶绿素的含量而影响光合作用产氧量;小球藻光合作用相关基因pbsA、rbcL和rbcS表达大多显著上升,这可能是对乙草胺胁迫响应的反馈调节。研究表明,乙草胺会对蛋白核小球藻的生长及光合作用产生影响。     

Kinetics and pathways for the debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by bimetallic and nanoscale zerovalent iron: effects of particle properties and catalyst

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are recognized as a new class of widely-distributed and persistent contaminants for which effective treatment and remediation technologies are needed. In this study, two kinds of commercially available nanoscale Fe⁰ slurries (Nanofer N25 and N25S), a freeze-dried laboratory-synthesized Fe⁰ nanoparticle (nZVI), and their palladized forms were used to investigate the effect of particle properties and catalyst on PBDE debromination kinetics and pathways. Nanofers and their palladized forms were found to debrominate PBDEs effectively. The laboratory-synthesized Fe⁰ nanoparticles also debrominated PBDEs, but were slower due to deactivation by the freeze-drying and stabilization processes in the laboratory synthesis. An organic modifier, polyacrylic acid (PAA), bound on N25S slowed PBDE debromination by a factor of three to four compared to N25. The activity of palladized nZVI (nZVI/Pd) was optimized at 0.3 Pd/Fe wt% in our system. N25 could debrominate selected environmentally-abundant PBDEs, including BDE 209, 183, 153, 99, and 47, to end products di-BDEs, mono-BDEs and diphenyl ether (DE) in one week, while nZVI/Pd (0.3 Pd/Fe wt%) mainly resulted in DE as a final product. Step-wise major PBDE debromination pathways by unamended and palladized Fe⁰ are described and compared. Surface precursor complex formation is an important limiting factor for palladized Fe⁰ reduction as demonstrated by PBDE pathways where steric hindrance and rapid sequential debromination of adjacent bromines play an important role.     

Emission Inventories of Carbon-containing Greenhouse Gases in China and Technological Measures for Their Abatement

The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

阿坝州室内氡及子体水平与肺癌患病率关系的研究

本文报道了四川省阿坝州高原山区各县室内氧及子体浓度,并对阿坝州各县肺癌患病进行了流调。全州室内氧浓度范围值0.5～374.1Bqm~(_3)X:22.7Bqm~(-3);Xg:16.3Bqm~(-3),子体浓度范围值0.32～87.6mwl;X:6.0mwl;Xg:3.94mwl。研究表明:肺癌患病率与氡浓度有相关关系,r=0.6,p<0.01。     

亚硝酰亚铁螯合物--Ⅰ.NO与FeⅡ螯合物在水溶液中配位的热力学研究

本文报道了一氧化氮在水溶液中与Fe~Ⅱ(NTMP),Fe~Ⅱ(EDTMP),Fe~Ⅱ(TTHA)_(1/2),Fe~Ⅱ(DTPA).Fe~Ⅱ(CyDTA)和Fe~Ⅱ(EGTA)配位的研究.此处NTMP=氨基三甲叉膦酸,EDTMP=乙二胺四甲叉膦酸,TTHA=三乙四胺六乙酸,DTPA=二乙三胺五乙酸,CyDTA=反式-1,2-二胺六环四乙酸,EGTA=乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸.测定了前四个体系的平衡常数、焓变和熵变,这些亚硝酰配合物稳定性的顺序如下:Fe~Ⅱ(NTMP)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(EDTMP)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(TTHA)_(1/2)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(DTPA)(NO):后两个体系所生成的亚硝酰配合物的稳定性更低.稳定性随温度升高而降低.pH值和螯合剂浓度对配位反应有影响.螯合物Fe~Ⅱ(L)_m的稳定性与亚硝酰螯合物Fe~Ⅱ(L)_m(NO)的稳定性之间没有简单的相关性.     

NKY树脂吸附水溶性染料的研究

研究了新型树ＮＫＹ对７种水溶性染料的静态吸附特性，结果表明，该树脂对水溶性染料的吸附具有特性效，通过三常数方程非线性回归实验数据可求出吸附过程的△Ｇ＾０，说明ＮＫＹ对染料的第一层吸附为物理和化学作用并存在的过程，多层吸附为典型的物理吸附。由分民比和温度关系曲线可求得△Ｈ＾０，推导出的标准自由熵为正值，说明吸附是自发进行的。     

涂料印花废水污染治理技术

分析了涂料直接印花废水污染物成分和理化性质，提出了该废水的治理措施。     

分散剂及其与胜利原油的混合物对海洋围隔生态系内浮游动、植物的影响

分散剂对某些海洋生物的抑制以及促进初级生产力的现象已为一些研究所证实,而分散剂与原油的混合对生物的影响,由于其污染的增效作用更引起了人们的注意,但上述的研究多见于温带和寒带海域,对于热带、亚热带海域研究尚少。因而,了解污染物对亚热带海域生物区系的影响及地理位置的不同所引起的污染物效应的差别是本研究的中心问题。     

钴氧化物纳米催化剂的制备及对N2O的分解

用微乳液法制备了表面经硬脂酸修饰的４种不同价态的钴氧化合物纳米微粒。初步摸索了合成了最佳条件，利用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＩＲ等测试手段对制备的钴纳粘催化剂的物相，粒子的形貌的粒度及钴物纳米微粒与表面活性剂有 机苈间的结合方进行了表征。结果表明制得的纳米微粒呈球状，粒度随热处理温度升高而增大，ＣＯＯ－与Ｃｏ（Ⅱ，Ⅲ）离子间以化学键相结合。利用流动法固定术反应器研究了钴氧化物纳米催化剂对Ｎ２Ｏ的催化分解活性