DBS-偶氮氯膦分光光度法测定铅的研究

为了克服用双硫腙比色法测环境样品中铅的选择性差和条件要求严等缺点,研究了铅与ＤＢＳ－偶氮氯膦的显色反应,并提出了用分光光度测定铅的新方法,在稀盐酸介质中,铅与ＤＢＳ－偶氮氯膦形成１：２的蓝色配合物,最大吸收波长位于６３５ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为４．７×１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１,铅量在０－２５μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。     

中国生态环境补偿费的理论与实践

在分析、总结国内外有关环境价值理论研究和生态补偿费征收工作实践经验的基础上,对生态环境补偿机制和生态环境补偿费政策的基本框架进行了较为深入的探讨。结果表明,自然要素所固有的生态环境价值是生态环境补偿的理论依据,征收生态环境补偿费是对环境破坏导致的生态环境价值损失的一种补偿。但是,在我国,生态环境补偿费的征收标准应当建立在我国国情所容许的基础之上,既要为保护和改善生态环境积累一定的的资金,又不能对国民经济发展和人民生活造成大的影响。同时,在资金的征收和管理上,应当与国家现有的生态环境管理体制相适应,与加强生态环境保护的统一监督管理机制有机地结合起来。     

Anaerobic degradation of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs): The role of electron flow and potential enhancing strategies

In groundwater, deep soil layer, sediment, the widespread of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs) have been leading to the concern of human health and eco-environment safety, which calls for a better understanding on the fate and remediation of XOCs in anoxic matrices. In the absence of oxygen, bacteria utilize various oxidized substances, e.g. nitrate, sulphate, metallic (hydr)oxides, humic substance, as terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) to fuel anaerobic XOCs degradation. Although there have been increasing anaerobic biodegradation studies focusing on species identification, degrading pathways, community dynamics, systematic reviews on the underlying mechanism of anaerobic contaminants removal from the perspective of electron flow are limited. In this review, we provide the insight on anaerobic biodegradation from electrons aspect — electron production, transport, and consumption. The mechanism of the coupling between TEAs reduction and pollutants degradation is deconstructed in the level of community, pure culture, and cellular biochemistry. Hereby, relevant strategies to promote anaerobic biodegradation are proposed for guiding to an efficient XOCs bioremediation.     

异质性企业环境责任与碳绩效的关系研究：媒体关注和环境规制的联合调节效应

“双碳”愿景下微观企业层面的环境责任受到更多关注。本文运用Python获取2014—2019年中国A股上市工业企业数据,分析了异质性企业环境责任对碳绩效的影响,探讨了媒体关注和环境规制在其中的联合调节效应。研究表明：履行前瞻型环境责任和反应型环境责任均对企业碳绩效有显著的增进作用;媒体关注可以正向调节前瞻型企业环境责任和碳绩效的关系,但在反应型企业环境责任与碳绩效间的调节作用不显著。进一步研究发现：环境规制与媒体关注在反应型企业环境责任和碳绩效间产生正向联合调节作用,而在前瞻型环境责任与碳绩效间的联合调节作用不显著。研究结果支持了政府和媒体对企业环境责任的正式和非正式治理效果,进而提高了企业碳绩效的作用逻辑,拓展了对企业碳绩效影响因素以及异质性企业环境责任的理论研究,将环境治理他治和自治相结合,为多元环境治理主体协同联动推进“双碳”目标顺利实现提供新思路和参考证据。     

高寒地区输电线路锥管板条装配式基础抗冻拔性能试验研究∗

高寒地区分布大量多年冻土,传统的现浇基础由于其抗冻拔性能差、施工周期长,不易采用,考虑受力合理, 施工快速便捷,提出一种可灵活拼装的锥管板条装配式基础。为了分析该种形式基础的抗冻拔特性,开展了5、-10、-15 ℃三种温度梯度条件下的冻结试验,分析了温度场、地基冻胀力、冻胀位移、基础本体应变的变化规律。研究结果表明：① 基础顶部冻拔位移小于地基冻胀位移,由于基础的“约束冻胀”作用,距基础边缘最远处冻胀位移最大;② 地基冻胀力与相应处冻胀位移之间呈正相关,冻胀力随温度降低而增大,且增加幅度随着温度的降低而加大;③ 基础本体所受拉应力远小于材料屈服强度,地基表面首先出现发状细微裂纹,随着后期冻胀力的释放, 裂缝逐渐扩张、延伸;④ 对于以承受上拔荷载为主的输电线路基础可采用回填非冻胀材料、基础表面光滑处理、优化结构形式等工程措施提高其抗拔性能。     

储罐底板维修决策方法研究

储罐底板腐蚀是储罐失效的主要原因之一,对底板的腐蚀检测方法目前有很多种。每种方法都有自己的优势,但同时也存在着相应的弊端。通过在实践应用中对比漏磁检测与超声测厚检测方法,分别指出两种检测方法的优势与实践应用中存在的问题,提出应综合应用两种方法来提高效率和确保准确性。为更好地利用检测技术保障储罐安全提出参考建议。     

Source separation of household waste: a case study in China

A pilot program concerning source separation of household waste was launched in Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, China. Detailed investigations on the composition and properties of household waste in the experimental communities revealed that high water content and high percentage of food waste are the main limiting factors in the recovery of recyclables, especially paper from household waste, and the main contributors to the high cost and low efficiency of waste disposal. On the basis of the investigation, a novel source separation method, according to which household waste was classified as food waste, dry waste and harmful waste, was proposed and performed in four selected communities. In addition, a corresponding household waste management system that involves all stakeholders, a recovery system and a mechanical dehydration system for food waste were constituted to promote source separation activity. Performances and the questionnaire survey results showed that the active support and investment of a real estate company and a community residential committee play important roles in enhancing public participation and awareness of the importance of waste source separation. In comparison with the conventional mixed collection and transportation system of household waste, the established source separation and management system is cost-effective. It could be extended to the entire city and used by other cities in China as a source of reference.     

室内空气中挥发性有机物的释放特征分析

房屋装修后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月采集其室内空气样品进行甲醛、苯系物浓度的测定,分析释放规律;另选某处新居于装修后24 h、1周、1个月且密闭状态下采集室内空气中总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)样品分析研究.结果表明,房屋装修后12个月内甲醛浓度随时间呈非线性递减,多项式回归方程为:y=0.277 13-0.199 72x+0.079 74x2-0.011 67x3+0.000 525 61x4,其中y为甲醛质量浓度,mg/m3;x为时间,月;各苯系物浓度也随时间呈逐渐下降趋势,且通过SPSS13.0软件进行Spearman相关性分析,发现各苯系物间显著相关;装修后不同时间段室内空气中TVOC组分发生变化,随着房屋封闭时间延长,TVOC浓度超标严重;TVOC组分的增多或减少是由于室内装修材料TVOC释放的增强或减弱,以及门窗缝隙所带来的微弱通风造成,无二次污染物的生成.     

无机碳对浮游藻类生长和群落结构的影响

采用水族箱生态模拟方法,利用碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠作为碱度调节剂设置不同碱度水平,研究了氮磷营养相对充足的试验水体中藻类各相关指标对无机碳的响应,并对试验过程中所测得的理化指标和生物指标进行统计分析.研究表明:富营养水体无机碳含量与藻类叶绿素水平存在着正相关关系;适当增加水体中的无机碳浓度能够改变蓝、绿藻门种类比例;当碱度水平达到一定程度时,铜绿微囊藻可以逐渐成为优势种,并从体系中上升,演替成为水华.     

蒽醌染料及中间体脱色优势菌的特性研究和基因定位

本文对分离到的两株蒽醌染料脱色优势菌的脱色能力及其基因定位进行了研究,结果表明,ＮＤ１,ＮＤ２均能有效脱除活性艳蓝ＫＮ－Ｒ及溴氨酸的色度;两株优势菌均含有质粒,其降解染料的能力是由质粒控制的;并考察了不同碳源、氧、温度、ｐＨ值等理化因素对菌株降解染料的影响。